Since childhood, we are all familiar with the phenomenon of blood coagulation. Remember how you peeled a knee, you observed the formation of a crust? Gradually, it dried up, became hard and then fell off, exposing young, pink skin. For some, the process of baking blood on the wound took place quickly, while for others, on the contrary, even from a small cut could ooze for a very long time. This fact is of interest not only to caring mothers, but also to doctors, for whom the duration of bleeding is very indicative. The norm will be given below, so that next time you better understand the numbers obtained after blood donation.
Briefly about the main thing
Why is so much attention paid to this fact? Because the recovery of the body after injuries directly depends on it. Blood is an essential component that is involved in all life processes. Through the formation of clots, the body regulates blood loss. Therefore, it is so important to monitor the level of platelets and other parameters that are responsible for the duration of bleeding. The norm varies somewhat, depending on gender and age, it is not absolute, but doctors have long developed averaged tables that allow you to accurately determine whether the circulatory system in a given person is functioning normally.
Why should blood clot
This is an extremely important point. The process of blood coagulation promotes wound healing and prevents significant blood loss. The formation of blood clots occurs under the action of a protein, which combines platelets into clots, changing the consistency from liquid to a more viscous, thick and curdled, which perfectly closes the resulting wound. This metamorphosis has its own name - homostasis.
Inside each organism, the duration of bleeding is already laid. The norm may change slightly during life or even go beyond, that is, turn into a pathology. This process is regulated by the endocrine system. Accordingly, if there is a malfunction of the internal secretion organs, then we can expect malfunctions in all functions and systems.
So, in the normal state, blood is a fluid substance. Its task is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all tissues. Thrombosis in this case is a process harmful to the body. If the vessel is damaged, then the situation changes. In this case, a blood clot prevents loss and reduces recovery time.
That is, with damage to the vessel, the biochemistry of the blood changes somewhat. The formation of substances that contribute to the formation of a blood clot. In other words, platelets break down and thrombin and thromboplastins form in parallel. In this chain, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which is very similar to a network of filaments. Blood cells enter them and fill the cells. And the duration of bleeding depends on how well the body works. The norm allows doctors to predict the course of an operation or other intervention. And now we will pass directly to the issue of diagnostics.
In which cases blood coagulation is checked
In fact, laboratory tests should be carried out by the therapist regularly so that he has an idea of the health status of patients assigned to his site. But in most cases , blood coagulation time and duration of bleeding, the norm and pathology, is determined if certain manipulations are necessary, in which heavy blood loss is possible. This preparation for childbirth and the preoperative period, the treatment of varicose veins and thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, hemorrhoids, chronic bleeding.
Reduced coagulability creates a certain risk of prolonged bleeding, which means it raises concerns for the patient's life. Women may be at risk even during menstruation. And there is also a formidable disease called hemophilia. This is a complete or partial absence of proteins that are responsible for blood coagulation. For patients with diabetes, an important indicator is the coagulation time and duration of bleeding. The norm in this case is often underestimated, but the body is not able to provide even such indicators.
Deviation in the other direction
Against this background, it may seem that the higher the coagulation rate, the better. In fact, the ideal option is the golden mean. Deviation of indicators in the direction of increase is the risk of strokes. Too thick blood does not reach the brain with the required amount of oxygen and other nutrients. Against this background, varicose veins and hemorrhoids develop .
Blood test according to Sukharev
This examination is not complicated and does not take much time. Blood sampling is performed on an empty stomach. Blood is taken from the finger, this is a feature of this method. Having pierced the skin with a needle, the doctor removes the first drop of blood with a swab, after which he picks up a portion and places it in a special flask that sways. As soon as the blood stops flowing freely, this is the coagulation time (duration of bleeding). The norm in this case is from 30 to 120 seconds. No more than five minutes should elapse before the coagulation process is completed. In this way, we can determine the stage when fibrinogen goes into an insoluble form.
The simplest Moravitz method
This will not even require special laboratory equipment. Most importantly, you can not eat food before donating blood. But a glass of water, on the contrary, will increase the effectiveness of the examination. In addition, immediately before blood donation, you should not smoke or drink coffee, and exclude alcohol in 2-3 days.
A drop of blood taken from a finger is applied to the glass. The stopwatch starts, and every 30 seconds a thin, glass rod is lowered into the blood. As soon as a thin thread of fibrin reaches for it, time is stopped. Today, almost no one determines clotting and the duration of bleeding. The norm is 3-5 minutes.
Duke coagulation analysis
Today, a comprehensive biochemical examination has practically replaced such methods. However, this method was very revealing. So, an examination is carried out on an empty stomach. In this case, an earlobe is used. A thin needle makes a puncture, and every 15-20 seconds a special paper is applied to this place. As soon as blood traces cease to be imprinted on it, the experiment is considered completed. How is bleeding duration estimated by Duke? The norm is indicators from 60 to 180 seconds.
Features of the child's body
Usually, even in the maternity hospital, doctors take the first blood samples in order to exclude the possibility of hemophilia, as well as to be prepared if there are any postpartum complications, and the baby will have to be operated on urgently. In this case, it is very important to know the duration of bleeding. The norm in children is from 4 to 9 minutes, this is the time from the onset of blood from the wound to the appearance of a fibrin clot. In this case, capillary bleeding should stop completely in less than 4 minutes. Any deviation from these indicators is a reason for further examination.