Currently, serious changes are being observed in kindergartens and schools of the country. Instead of the old authoritarian methods and techniques of training and education, a personality-oriented approach is used. Let's try to find out what educational areas according to the Federal State Educational Standard exist in preschool education. At present, there are five such areas, each of which deserves a separate study.
Socio-communicative direction
In this case, educational areas solve the following problems:
- the adoption of children's values and norms that are accepted in society, including moral and moral values;
- the formation of relationships between peers, adults;
- the formation of emotional and social intelligence, empathy with another's grief, responsiveness to the problems of other people;
- the formation of independence, the ability to answer for committed acts;
- development of collective activity skills;
- instilling respect for family values and traditions.
In order to fully realize these tasks, the teacher tries to create optimal conditions in the DOE. It forms positive attitudes towards different types of creativity and work, pays special attention to safe behavior in nature, in society, in everyday life.
Cognitive development
Such educational areas are aimed at solving the following problems:
- the development of the interests of preschoolers, their cognitive motivation and curiosity;
- improvement of creative activity and imagination;
- the formation of consciousness, cognitive skills;
- creating ideas about their own importance, about objects of animate and inanimate nature, their properties (color, material, form, movement, sound, reasons, time);
- the formation of initial ideas about their native land, folk traditions, holidays.
Teachers pay special attention to the formation of a sense of tolerance in their pupils in relation to representatives of other cultures and religions.
Speech Development
Such educational areas include:
- mastery of speech skills;
- enrichment of children's vocabulary;
- the acquisition of skills to build a grammatically correct dialogue related monologic speech;
- the formation of intonational and sound culture, the development of phonemic hearing;
- the first acquaintance with children's books, the development of ideas about different genres in literature;
- the formation of sound analytical activity for subsequent mastery of literacy.
The teacher uses special exercises, involves children in role-playing games in order to fully cope with these tasks.
Art and aesthetic development
These educational areas of GEF are designed to solve the following problems:
- to develop prerequisites for conscious understanding and perception by preschoolers of works of art (visual, musical verbal), knowledge of the natural world, and the establishment of a careful attitude to the world around them;
- to form elementary ideas about different types of art;
- to develop skills in the perception of folklore, literature, music, and painting;
- to stimulate empathy for preschoolers to heroes of works of art.
The teacher creates the conditions conducive to the development of independent creativity. To do this, he organizes classes in the visual arts, music, and offers preschool children educational constructors.
Physical development
Such educational areas in preschool educational institutions solve the following problems:
- the acquisition of positive experience in the framework of motor activity;
- improvement of flexibility and coordination, which help to form the musculoskeletal system of the body, develop coordination of movement, fine and large hand motor skills, without harming the physical health of babies.
Thanks to the complex of activities carried out by the teacher or teacher of physical education in kindergarten, the kids have a positive attitude towards sports. Currently, it is all the educational institutions that pay special attention to the spiritual and physical health of the younger generation. Federal State Educational Standards presuppose the formation in children of initial ideas about sports, the mastery of outdoor games. Thanks to physical education, the guys master the simplest rules and norms of nutrition, hardening, and motor mode.
All educational areas that are defined by federal standards of the second generation for pre-school state institutions contribute to the education of active citizens who are able to answer for their actions.
Professional Tips
In each educational area of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, content has been developed. So, in the social and communicative direction, special emphasis should be placed on the formation of self-regulation of actions, the development of social experience, the formation of a positive attitude to work.
Such educational areas of the educational program as cognitive development, defined by the Federal State Educational Standard, contribute to the formation of civic activity of the individual.
In speech development, the teacher is guided by communication methods that allow him to introduce the younger generation to the world of literature.
This educational activity of the educational field contributes to the laying of the first dialogue skills among preschoolers.
In the framework of artistic and aesthetic development, the teacher creates optimal conditions for the development of each pupil along his own developing trajectory.
The physical area in the preschool educational institution involves the formation of an active citizen who has the skills of healthy eating, is aware of the importance of physical exercises for his health and social success.
Conclusion
Significant changes have occurred in domestic preschool education in recent years. The place of classes, which were aimed at mechanically memorizing certain information, which did not imply the creative disclosure and development of the kids, was occupied by new forms of work. The federal state standards developed specifically for the preschool system have identified five major areas of activity in preschool education. The teacher was given the opportunity to identify gifted and talented children at an early preschool age, to create optimal conditions for their successful development and socialization. To do this, he applies innovative techniques and working methods.
The kindergarten has turned into a creative workshop in which children get maximum opportunities for acquiring positive social experience, developing communicative qualities, and developing a respectful attitude towards the older generation.