The list of backbone enterprises of Russia includes business entities recognized as such at a meeting of a special commission of the Ministry of Economic Development, whose work is based on the results of monitoring the financial and economic activities of large enterprises.
Definition
A backbone enterprise is a business entity that meets a set of specific criteria. In the defense industry, a “backbone enterprise” is synonymous with a “strategic enterprise”.
The list of backbone enterprises is formed within the framework of a specific locality, territorial regional unit, as well as the state as a whole. For example, the main backbone metallurgy enterprises of the Southern District, which are located in the Rostov and Volgograd regions, include business entities specializing in the manufacture of seamless pipes for the chemical, oil and gas and petrochemical industries, as well as automotive, heat and power engineering.
List building
As mentioned above, a system-forming enterprise is a large business unit that meets certain criteria that are developed by the Interdepartmental Commission and simply by representatives of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
During such meetings, participants consider issues related to the main areas of monitoring the financial and economic results of enterprises, as well as the development of budget-forming industries in Russia.
Qualitative criteria for backbone enterprises
Among the qualitative criteria under which the enterprise can be classified as system-forming, it is necessary to distinguish the following:
- the technological potential of the business entity (the availability of promising and unique technologies that are included in the relevant list and are important for the organization of the country's defense);
- the impact on social stability associated with the preservation of jobs and the prevention of mass unemployment;
- important in maintaining both infrastructure and production chains;
- implementation of investment promising projects;
- fulfillment of contracts and obligations of an international nature.
Quantitative criteria
There are a number of quantitative criteria that a system-forming enterprise must meet. It:
- the amount of annual revenue (for example, for 2014) - from 10 billion rubles. (for the manufacturing sector) and from 4 billion rubles. (for agriculture);
- the amount of tax payments to budgets of all levels over the past three years should be: in industry - more than 5 billion rubles, in agriculture - from 2 billion rubles);
- The number of employees in production and agriculture is from 4 thousand people. and 1.5 thousand people. respectively.
Stages of forming a list of backbone enterprises
Firstly, the business entity must provide to the appropriate federal executive body all the necessary materials confirming compliance with the specified criteria.
Secondly, this executive body analyzes the submitted documents. If necessary, he may request additional materials from the business entity. 15 days are allotted for this stage. As a result, a conclusion is written about the compliance of the enterprise with quantitative and qualitative criteria. It is sent to the Interdepartmental Commission under the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
Thirdly, the Interdepartmental Commission reviews the submitted materials and makes a decision on the advisability of including the enterprise in the list of system-forming organizations.
And, finally, the last stage is the consideration of proposals at a meeting of the relevant Government Commission and the adoption of a decision on the inclusion of a business entity in the list under consideration.
Documents submitted for inclusion in the List
Among the documents that the company must be submitted to the executive authority to be included in the list of backbone enterprises, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- special statement;
- copies of the entire package of constituent documents, notarized;
- the relevant decision of the credit committee of the banking institution, which provided the business entity with borrowed funds;
- a business plan of activities (current and planned) for the period until the full repayment of the loan or bond loan. This document will allow assessing the transparency of the economic and financial activities of an entity that claims to be included in the list of backbone enterprises;
- a certificate of the absence of any debt from the enterprise for obligations to the Russian Federation, as well as tax payments.
The list of backbone entities following the results of 2014
The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation approved the list of enterprises to which anti-crisis assistance should be provided in the first place. The formation of this list is a kind of plan to support representatives of large businesses. It accounts for about 57% of GDP and 69% of total output.
However, if a business entity is considered as a system-forming enterprise, this does not mean that it will definitely be able to receive state support. First of all, stringent requirements to increase work efficiency will be presented to him.
At the end of 2014, not only the largest holdings and companies with strategic importance for the state (for example, airports or airlines) were included in this list. The list also includes less significant enterprises, for example, representatives of such large retail chains as Dixy Group, Auchan, and Metro Cash & Carry. This situation is ambiguously interpreted, since in the presence of the highest profitability in trade, as well as the absence of requirements to contain prices, questions about state support for retail chains are somewhat puzzling. Modern supermarkets and hypermarkets have no losses, and rising costs are offset by higher prices for goods.
The first list of backbone enterprises was formed in 2008, when Russia also found itself in difficult economic conditions. At that time, the list included 300 enterprises, including 34 business entities from the agro-industrial complex and the food industry. Today, the number of these industries has been reduced to 32. The total number of such enterprises in the list is 199.
Support for budget-forming enterprises
To date, there are a number of issues regarding the support of systemically important enterprises and unresolved at the state level.
Firstly, there are no specific mechanisms and forms of state support.
Secondly, it was noted on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation that state entities that are not necessarily listed will not be provided with state support. The 2008 statistics confirm this. Of the 300 enterprises, only about 37 were able to receive subsidies from the budget, 11 - investments, and 10 - state guarantees. Only 40 organizations received assistance. At the same time, there are three types of state assistance - 6 entities (the Russian railway and defense industry enterprises).
Oil and gas enterprises were left without support at all. However, this year they may receive funding from the National Wealth Fund.
List of large enterprises in the Moscow region
Just as it was done as a whole throughout Russia, the backbone enterprises of the Moscow region were identified. This list includes 288 large companies.
The list is published on the official website of the Ministry of Investment of the Moscow Region. Criteria were considered, such as the number of employees, which should exceed 500 people, as well as a significant contribution to the economy of the city or municipality.
The list of backbone organizations of the Moscow region also includes enterprises that are listed in the corresponding list as a whole for the Russian Federation. Such business entities include the Demikhov Machine-Building Plant, and the Flight Research Institute named after M.M. Gromova, Metrovagonmash, etc.
Thus, one can see that these are enterprises of strategic importance not only for the Moscow region, but Russia as a whole, and they should be given appropriate state support.