The type of water regime of the Amur River allows it to have many large tributaries. The main ones are Zeya, Bureya, Sungari, Anyui, Ussuri and Amgun.
It is necessary to take into account the following fact: for several years there has been a debate about whether Zeya is a tributary of the Amur or not. Thanks to space photographs, scientists were able to accurately determine that in some places Zeya is more full-flowing, and, moreover, it is much wider than the Amur River itself. The river regime in such cases is considered in detail, since such evidence is not enough to approve any version.
Title
The hydronym is closely associated with the Tungus-Manchu languages. Translated from the original, the name means “big river”. In China, the water stream is called the "Black River" or the "Black Dragon River." According to ancient legend, a good dragon lived at the bottom, who once defeated an evil one who constantly attacked fishermen. The winner remained to dwell in these waters, between the Amur and Jewish regions. That is how the watercourse acquired such an interesting name.
Cupid (the regime of the river, one might say, is somewhat related to its name) ends on the territory of Mongolia and Dauria. It flows through several Russians and one Chinese region. In the mountains is the beginning of the main tributaries.
The Mongols used to call the Amur "black wide river." Manchu - “black water”.
Geography
The Amur basin is located in eastern Asia. The river is simultaneously located in four zones: forest, steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert. Precipitation here is not uncommon; their amount over the entire water area varies from 300 millimeters to 750.
The source of the river is at the junction of Shilka and Argun. The total length of the watercourse is 2824 km. Now there is a debate about which sea the Amur estuary belongs to. TSB claims to be Japanese, while the International Hydrographic Organization says it’s Okhotsk.
Amur (the river regime is quite diverse throughout its length) is located within Russia, the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. In Russia, the water flow is divided into the Siberian and Far Eastern parts. In the same territorial zone, it is conditionally divided into upper, middle and lower flows.
River hydrology
Amur ranks fourth among other rivers of the Russian Federation. In the world - the tenth. Water consumption varies from 9 to 11 thousand m 3 .
The valley of the water stream is divided into three sections: middle, lower and upper Amur. The river regime on each of them is significantly different. For example, the speed of the current varies from 4 km / h to 5.5 km / h.
The main feature of Amur is that its water level rises to critical levels due to monsoon rains (80% of annual runoff). In the middle and upper parts, the fluctuations are 12 m, in the lower part - 8 m. During constant rains or heavy rains, spills last up to two months and reach a width of 20 km. Thanks to the construction of a hydroelectric power station, fluctuations significantly decreased on some tributaries of the river, and floods became rare.
Ichthyofauna
The water regime of the Amur River allows it to be densely “populated”. Almost 140 species and subspecies of fish live here. Among them, about 40 are of commercial importance. In the water stream, the Chinese representatives of ichthyofauna (grass carp, silver carp, auha, spruce) and Indian (rotan, snakeheads) are not uncommon. Kaluga growing in these waters reaches almost 5 m in length. Amur and Sakhalin sturgeons also often please fishermen. In addition to these fish species, there are 9 different representatives of salmon. Endemic to the basin are Kaluga, aukha, whitefish, snakeheads, etc.
Water mode
Amur ranks first among all Far Eastern rivers for water filling. High water on the river is weak, floods are quite high. As a rule, in the summer there are a lot of them, and this fact provokes spills. Such is the water regime of the Amur River, and its dependence on the climate is quite obvious. The more rainfall that falls, the greater the likelihood of flooding. Almost the entire area of the river is located in the region of the monsoon climatic zone (or rather, in its northern version). This explains that cold winds prevail here in summer and winter. The junction of Shilka and Argun, that is, the source of the river, is most often influenced by the western masses.
Annual runoff is highly dependent on the water regime. For example, the upper course has relatively high rates, while the lower and middle ones have a lower water content. According to the type of runoff, Amur is divided into 4 parts: with small, moderate, low and high levels. Almost all of them have the same flow pattern, the difference is only in nutrition and climate. Basically, the river is fed by rain (rain) waters. Snow nutrition is only relevant when there is sufficient rainfall in winter.
Due to its favorable characteristics, the river is widely used in the economic sphere: fishing, hydroelectric power stations, timber rafting, recreation. Amur tributaries have the same water regime as the river itself. The differences between them are insignificant.
Glaciation
What is the regime of the Amur River: does this pond freeze or not? The question posed can be answered in the affirmative. Due to the low temperature (it reaches -40 degrees in the north and -15 in the south), most of the water flow is covered with ice. This cover begins to subside after about 8 months of glaciation.
There is practically no snow at the source of the Amur, and even if it falls, the height of the cover does not exceed 10 cm. The amount of total rainfall during the year increases if you move from the western to the eastern. In the lower reaches of the river there is much more snow cover, their height almost reaches 50 cm, sometimes this figure grows.