How to make a plan of the text: algorithm, sequence of work with primary school students

Children are taught to work with text starting from grade 1. It is very important that students understand what they read, be able to navigate in the structure of the material, to highlight the main thoughts. For this purpose, they are invited to draw up a plan of the text. How to do this correctly, we will find out in this article.

Action algorithm

A plan is a consistent reflection of all the key points of the text in an extremely short wording. Based on it, you can retell the work without distorting its content. But not all students know how to plan a text.

Consider the algorithm that is better to adhere to when completing a task:

1. Read the text, trying to understand its meaning.
2. Break it into semantic parts. These may be chapters or paragraphs. In each, highlight the main idea that needs to be formulated in one sentence.
3. Come up with short headlines.
4. Check if you have missed important points or thoughts, if your logical connections are broken.
5. Write the edited plan in a notebook.

It is difficult for younger students to see the main thing in the text. In this case, you can give them a simple pencil and offer to draw sketchy comics that reflect the meaning of what they read. Pictures are laid out in order. Let the child decide which ones can be removed so that the comic book remains understandable. Thus, the main thoughts will be highlighted, it remains only to come up with a signature for the pictograms.

Classification

We figured out how to plan the text. Now let's talk about the headlines. All plans can be divided into:

• Questionable. For each highlighted part, you need to ask a question ("Who Blinded Kolobok?").
• Thesis. The main idea of ​​the semantic part is expressed as a short sentence ("Grandma sculpts Kolobok").
• Nicknames. In the formulation of the thesis, nouns and adjectives are used ("Modeling Kolobok").
• Supporting circuits. A schoolboy selects words or phrases from the text that, in his opinion, carry the largest semantic load (1. Old man with an old woman; 2. Gingerbread man cooked up; 3. Picked and rolled; 4. Hare; 5. Wolf; 6. Bear; 7. Fox).
• Combined. When wording the points, several of the listed methods are used.

Division by complexity

When thinking about how to plan a text, remember that it can be either simple or detailed (complex). It all depends on how deeply the reader wants to penetrate the content of the work.

When drawing up a simple plan, the text is divided into main parts, for which headers are then invented. It might look like this:

1. Masha got lost.
2. Captured by a bear.
3. The bear carries a box with a girl.
4. Dogs drive the bear away.

In complex terms, the main parts are divided into smaller ones. Accordingly, paragraphs are also divided into subparagraphs, due to which the structure of the text is reflected more fully. Here is a complex plan of the same tale:

1. Mushrooms in the forest: a) Masha leaves with her friends. b) The girl got lost.
2. Bear's hut: a) House in the thicket. b) Masha works with a bear.
3. Escape Plan: a) The bear agrees to take the guests to the village. b) Masha bakes pies. c) The girl is hiding in a box.
4. The bear goes to the village: a) Masha does not let the bear eat pies; b) The house of grandfather and grandmother; c) The bear runs away from the dogs; d) A joyful meeting.

Planning work with primary school students

Due to age, primary school students find it difficult to single out the main thoughts in the text. The wording of the headlines also causes them many problems. Therefore, the formation of the necessary skills is carried out gradually. The outline of the text in the Russian language (for example, before writing the presentation) is first given in a finished form. Children learn to correlate headings and parts of a work. You can cut a sheet with a short story printed on it into paragraphs and ask the student to collect it. So the child will learn to better navigate the structure of the work.

Subsequently, other methods of working with the text plan are used. The following tasks are systematically included in the compendium of lessons in Russian language, reading and the world around:

• guess the work according to the finished plan;
• in the correct order, lay out the pictures for the fairy tale, exclude unnecessary;
• compare among themselves different types of plans drawn up according to the same text;
• find errors or inaccuracies in the finished plan;
• edit headings, pick synonyms for them.

According to the requirements of the school curriculum, children must learn to plan the text in the second grade. This skill will be useful to them throughout the school and student life. Thanks to him, the children develop logic, and they also master the skills of working with information.