Every year the prestige of education in the Russian Federation is growing. Many employers are more willing to hire employees with vocational secondary or higher education.
To ensure the future of their children, many parents carefully choose an educational institution. Some of them are convinced that the teaching staff, material and technical base, educational and developmental programs are better in paid schools.
This leads to the fact that in many educational institutions the competition in the first grade is greater than in some higher educational institutions. In our article we will dwell on some issues related to the organization of national education.
Important aspects
People use the words “gymnasium”, “school”, “university”, “institute” in their everyday vocabulary, without thinking about which legal form they possess.
Any educational institution is an institution that has a specific legal framework. In its name, in addition to the name itself (for example, secondary school No. 1, "Pomeranian Academy of Law"), it reflects the specific individualization and specificity of activities: NOU, MOU, MBOU, GOU.
Such abbreviations are the basis for the name of educational organizations, as they indicate the legal and organizational form on which the conditions for subsequent training depend.
What is a form of organization?
So, an educational institution is an institution with a legal form. By it is customary to mean:
- Option of fixing and using property by the subject.
- Legal status and functioning objectives
For example, organizations operating without a legal entity, as well as individual entrepreneurs, act as an economic entity.
Options for the use and fixing of property are determined by both the subject and the founder (in accordance with legal norms).
According to civil law, property is assigned to such an entity on the basis of the right to housekeeping, operational management or in the form of a lease.
Destination
An educational institution is an institution designed to meet the intangible tasks of people, which are expressed in the following functions:
That is why educational institutions have the right to conduct activities only as non-profit organizations. According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts, the following types of educational institutions are distinguished in our country:
- Private, which are created by legal or civilians.
- Municipal, formed by municipalities.
- State.
Private institutions are non-profit organizations that are created by the owner to conduct socio-cultural, managerial, and other functions of a non-profit kind. In such educational institutions for children, optimal conditions are created for each pupil. Care and control is carried out at the expense of the parental fee.
Municipal and state institutions are divided into autonomous and budget. An autonomous educational institution is a non-profit organization created by the Russian Federation, Moscow Region, and the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to provide educational services that are permitted by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
State educational institutions may be created by the Russian Federation or its subjects (GOU). There is also a type of state institution (FGOU), which can be created by federal authorities.
Founders
Educational organizations have the right to choose the legal form provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for non-profit organizations.
A children's educational institution is a non-profit organization created for the educational process, which is aimed at educating and educating young citizens through the implementation of certain educational programs.
The founders may be:
- Bodies of local government, subject of the Russian Federation.
- Foreign and domestic organizations, associations and unions.
- Religious and public associations that are registered in the Russian Federation.
- Private and public funds.
- Citizens of the Russian Federation.
- Foreign citizens
Depending on the activity of educational institutions, special closed-type educational institutions are created that are designed for adolescents with socially dangerous (deviant) behavior. The decision to establish such institutions is made at the level of federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation or constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Important points
Among the founders of municipal and state educational institutions are federal authorities, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local self-government. The property of municipal and state institutions is managed by state authorities. Their financing is fully or partially carried out from the state budget on the basis of cost and income estimates. The amount of cash resources is determined according to certain funding standards, taking into account the material costs of the student (pupil).
The functioning of municipal and state budgetary educational institutions is regulated by model regulations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Normative base
The educational program of the institution is compiled on the basis of the new generation of Federal State Educational Standards, approved by the pedagogical council of the educational organization. One of the constituent documents on the basis of which a legal entity acts is the charter. The requirements for charters that can be used by an educational institution of higher education, as well as schools, are specified in Art. 13 Federal Law "On Education".
Autonomous institutions have some distinctive features. Their financing is carried out on the basis of subsidies and subventions from the budget of the Russian Federation, as well as other sources permitted by Russian law.
Know
Non-governmental educational institutions are non-profit organizations. They can be created in the legal forms provided for by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation. As their founders, as a rule, are higher educational institutions.
Recently, autonomous non-profit organizations (ANOs) have appeared. Training in ANO and KNOW, most often, is on a paid basis.
The right to charge a fee from students of a non-governmental educational institution for the provision of educational services, including training under the Federal State Educational Standard, is indicated in paragraph 1 of Article 46 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”.
ANO and KNOW, similarly to budget educational institutions, carry out their activities on the basis of charters. Model provisions developed for the MOU and GOU are also mandatory for non-state educational institutions.
To summarize
In addition to conducting educational and upbringing activities, educational institutions have the right to trade in equipment, certain goods, provide intermediary services, and rent property.
They can open branches (departments or other structural elements) that carry out, in full or in part, the upbringing and educational process.
Among the types of educational organizations we can distinguish: preschool, general education, professional elementary, higher professional institutions.