Exposure is what? This word has several meanings, among which there is both modern and obsolete. Often this concept is in the characteristics of literary and journalistic works, in which there is a denunciation of vices, in church texts. More detailed information about this word will be presented in the article.
Dictionary meaning
The dictionary definition of the object under study states that reproof is:
- An action corresponding to the meaning of the verb to expose (expose) (The incessant sparkling of the girl's black eyes threatened to expose her secret passion for a young man).
- The result of this action, which can be an article, speech, poem, other types of utterances, where there is a sharp denunciation of human vices or other negative phenomena (It seems that exposing one’s own heart weaknesses requires an intimate environment, rather than public “undressing”).
For a better understanding of the word under study, consider the meaning of the verb “convict”, which is referenced in the dictionary.
Tell the truth
The meaning of the verb “convict” is as follows:
- To make someone's guilt, criminal actions manifest to others; tell the truth about someone’s bad behavior or deed; condemn, expose someone (One of the Christian theologians directly denounced Dostoevsky in heresy).
- In the outdated sense - to bring to the attention of the general public something that was hiding up to this time (Archimandrite, being aware that the patrimony is inhabited by people, and if it is transferred to another owner, they will become completely dependent on him, threatened to expose the fraud).
Having considered that this is a conviction, according to the dictionary interpretation, we turn to the origin of the word.
Etymology
The word “conviction” is a verbal noun, that is, formed from the verb “convict”, which, in turn, comes from the Old Russian and Church Slavonic “convict”. It includes: the prefix "ob" and the root "face" (face). In these languages ​​it meant:
- give a look, shape, image;
- to reveal;
- open;
- detect;
- to blame;
- insult with swear words;
- put on public display (to shame).
In these two languages, this lexeme has passed from the Pre-Slavic in the form of obliÄŤiti. From there it also migrated:
- in Bulgarian - olichŃ (decorate);
- in Macedonian - olichi (personify, embody);
- in Serbo-Croatian - oblĂÄŤiti (to publish, declare, accuse, show);
- in Slovenian - oblĂÄŤiti (form, give a look);
- in Czech - obliÄŤiti (accuse, convict, convict).
Synonyms for the noun
To better understand the understanding that this is a conviction, we will consider synonyms for this word. These include, for example:
- The exposure.
- Exposure.
- Detection.
- Catching.
- Stolen.
- Scolding.
- Reproach.
- Debunking.
- Criticism.
- Tirade.
- Pamphlet.
- Mockery.
- Showing.
- Censure.
- Gripe.
- Flagellation.
- Reproach.
- The charge.
- Disclosure.
- Identification
Synonyms for the verb
It will be no less interesting to consider synonyms for the verb “expose”, which is directly related to “expose”. In Russian, you can also find a large number of them. Some of them have the form of established phrases. Consider them:
- Bring to light.
- To lift (open, tear) the curtain.
- To bring forth the light of day.
- Take out.
- Press against the wall.
- To remove (tear) a mask.
- Tear off the covers.
- Take off (tear off) the mask.
- Open your eyes.
- To steal.
- To demonstrate.
- Blame.
- Expose.
- Show.
- Expose.
- Find.
- To be.
- Catch.
- Thunder.
Antique types
The linguistic object studied by us also has synonyms that came to us from the ancient Greek and Latin languages, consider them.
1. Philippe. Used figuratively and denotes an angry speech, denouncing any person. This term comes from the name given to the speeches of the Athenian orator Demosthenes, who in the 4th century BC. e. made similar speeches addressed to Philip II, king of Macedonia. In imitation of Demosthenes by the Philippines, Cicero called his accusatory speeches on the exposure of Mark Anthony in the 1st century BC.
2. Diatribe. This is the name of one of the genres of ancient literature, which grew out of the philosophical sermons of such schools as cynics and stoics, which were public in nature. Its sign is the raising of moral themes, the denunciation of evil, a combination of seriousness with mockery. The founder of this genre is Bion Borisfenit, a cynical writer who lived in the 3rd century BC. e. The themes of his diatrib are poverty and wealth, life and death, the state, religion. Diatribes were also popular in ancient Rome. Horace and Juvenal addressed them to the people. And also diatribes formed the basis of Christian sermons.
3. Invective. It comes from the Latin word meaning “attack”. This is a type of literary work, which is one of the forms of a pamphlet in which some real person or group of people is exposed or ridiculed. Invective appeared in ancient literature and was distinguished by a sharp denunciation of unpleasant reality. Her example is the reciprocal invectives of Cicero and Sallust (1st century BC). The difference between this genre and the epigram is the optional poetic form, as well as the lack of an entertaining humorous aspect. However, satirical coloring is inherent in both forms.
Other literary revelations
For the first time in Russian drama, the denunciation of serfdom is observed by D.I. Fonvizin. In the comedy The Undergrowth, he showed unlimited landlord arbitrariness, which took on the most ugly forms in the period when under Catherine II there was an increase in the autocratic-feudal system.
Among others, he eloquently portrayed the serfwoman Prostakova, who does not consider her servants to be people, since she treats them like animals. She calls them: “cattle”, “wench”, “dog daughter”, “nasty harya”. Prostakova is confident in her complete impunity, being a cruel and imperious despot. She also pushes around with her husband, turning to him only to freak and junk.
The exposure of human vices in fables can be traced on the example of the works of I.A. Krylova. Each of them seems to be playing a live scene from life. The poet ridiculed such human flaws as envy, laziness, stupidity, boastfulness, idleness, stinginess, cruelty.
Here, for example, one of his fables "Trishkina Suite." In it, the author brings down a stream of crushing criticisms of a person, who, being deprived of talent, takes up a case that he clearly cannot do. As a result, only one sleeve remains from the retinue.
In the famous fable “The Wolf and the Lamb”, where the first fired another into the forest, citing his exclusive desire as a justification (“I want to eat”), Krylov raises the urgent topic of omnipotence and predatory aspirations of people in power and the lack of rights of ordinary people .