About what is the blood supply to the uterus, in the atlas of Sinelnikov is described quite clearly. Information is taught in the course of human anatomy. This system is always studied both in schools with an advanced program, and in medical universities. If you want to get acquainted with the blood supply to the uterus and ovaries, a person who does not have deep medical knowledge wants to understand the special literature is very difficult. This is due to both specific terminology and the rather complex essence of the topic.
And yet, the uterine blood supply scheme can be understood if you understand this without going into too much detail. Then the topic will be available to the general public. Still, every modern woman should have an idea of her body and how it functions. This is especially important for those who have a poor blood supply to the uterus, as this greatly affects the health and ability to bear and give birth to a child.
Organs and blood flow
There are several main arteries through which blood supply to the uterus is provided. In anatomy, special attention is traditionally paid to the internal (shameful) and external genital arteries. The first originates from the internal branches of the iliac artery, and the second - from the medial femoral.
Studying the features of uterine blood supply, special attention should be paid to the obstructive artery. This vessel also starts from the ileum from the inside. Branches of the same artery are external seminal. Through them, blood supply and innervation of the uterus are provided. For each of the arteries there is a pair in the form of a vein. These vessels are located in parallel.
Blood circulation system: nature solves complex problems
In order for the tissues of the genitals to function normally, receive the necessary nutrition, the human body is filled with numerous vessels connected together. According to them, blood from the aorta flows to individual cells, tissues. In the anatomy of the blood supply to the uterus and appendages, special attention is paid to the ovarian artery, through which the life-giving fluid is delivered to the branched network of small vessels, as well as to the uterine, originating from the internal branches of the iliac artery.
The main volume of arterial blood to the body is ensured by the functioning of the uterine artery. To a slightly lesser extent, the flow of fluid is due to ovarian. The uterine artery is a key element of the arterial system of the uterus, since it is through it that blood flows not only to the organ itself, but also to the tubes and ligaments. This vessel provides the flow of fluid that carries oxygen and trace elements to the vagina, ovaries. The direction of the vessel is medially down. If you consider the blood supply system of the uterus and appendages, you will notice that the uterine artery has an intersection with the ureter, and also at the level of the cervix, the vaginal artery departs from it.
All individually
Blood supply to the uterus and ovaries has certain features in women who have given birth and not giving birth. In the first case, the arteries can be more sinuous. Anatomists also note that the uterine artery through numerous branches provides blood supply to the uterus and ovaries, for which the membrane of the organs is literally penetrated by the vessels. This network extends to both muscle and mucous tissues. During pregnancy, such a system is actively developing, becoming more complicated, which affects the body of a woman. After childbirth, the reverse process of degradation of the circulatory system does not occur.
Ovarian Artery Function
In many ways, the blood supply to the uterus and appendages is due to the presence of this particular vessel. It provides the supply of oxygen, nutrients to the pipes of the body, ovaries. The vessel begins from the abdominal aorta in the lumbar region. Next, the artery descends, repeating the trajectory of the ureter, to the pelvic organs. When the vessel is at the level of the ovaries, the branches go there, carrying life-giving fluid. In this case, blood supply to the uterus and appendages involves the simultaneous entry to the same tissue of blood from different sources. So, the blood supply to the ovaries is provided not only by the ovary, but also by the uterine artery, branches of which are also directed to these organs.
Vagina and genitals
In the upper half of the vagina there is blood in the vessels coming from the uterine artery. For fluid supply, branches downward from the main channel are provided. The middle elements are fed from the inferior cystic artery. Finally, the vagina from below receives blood from the middle intestinal artery and the shameful or genital internal.
If you analyze the blood supply to the cervix, you can see that the organs of the reproductive system are closely connected with each other by the blood vessels. At the same time, the internal branches of the iliac artery provide the flow of blood, oxygen, trace elements to the vagina in its lower third.
All arteries that form the blood supply to the cervix, other elements of the female reproductive system, go in parallel with veins, which have similar names. In this case, the vessels intertwine with each other, which creates a powerful blood supply system that is protected from failures.
Lymphatic system
Considering the blood supply to the uterus, it is also necessary to pay attention to the lymph nodes, vessels. The following lymph nodes are distinguished in the study area:
- internal iliac (upper and lower gluteal, obstructive, lateral sacral);
- external iliac (lateral, intermediate, medial);
- common iliac (lateral, intermediate, medial);
- visceral (peri-vesicular, perinatal, peri-vaginal, anorectal).
At the inner obturator foramen there is an obstructive lymph node, into which lymph outflow from the cervix takes place. Also, the blood supply to the uterus is largely controlled through single lymph nodes scattered throughout the tissues of the pelvic organs.
Most of the lymph nodes are located near the arteries, veins or directly on them. The groin lymph nodes feed through the organs of the reproductive system located outside, as well as through the vagina in its lower part. This determines the features of the uterine blood supply system: round uterine ligaments provide a connection with the bottom of the organ through the lymph ducts.
Lymphatic current: an important element of the reproductive system
When analyzing the blood supply to the uterus, the vessels connecting the lower part of the organ and the lymph nodes located near the sacrum, obturator foramen must be considered. The importance of normal functioning of the pararectal and parametric lymph nodes for human health cannot be denied.
The lymph coming from the tubes, the body of the uterus, from the ovaries, is sent through the vessels intended for this to the transverse nodes. Among the pelvic organs there are also lymph nodes concentrated near the iliac artery. When analyzing the uterine blood supply, it can be noted that the concentration of such clusters is highest where the uterine artery and ureter intersect. Also, lymph nodes in abundance are present in the sacral region, the points of separation of the aorta into two arterial blood vessels.
Uterus innervation
This is represented by the sympathetic, parasympathetic elements of the autonomic NS. Mostly nerve tissue of sympathetic origin. In abundance there are fibers from the spinal cord, plexuses near the sacrum. The uterine body is penetrated by sympathetic nerve fibers, the start of which is the plexus near the aorta in the abdominal cavity. The innervation of the uterus is due to the presence of a special plexus, responsible both for this organ and for the vagina.
The vagina in the main part and the cervix are penetrated by parasympathetic nerve fibers. These originate in the plexus near the vagina, uterus. The ovarian plexus provides the nervous system in the corresponding organ. Here come fibers starting from plexuses near the kidneys, aorta. To some extent, the plexus near the ovaries also ensures the efficiency of the nervous system of the uterine tubes, but not only. This area also depends on fibers heading from the uterine, vaginal plexus. When analyzing the nervous system of the external organs that form the female reproductive system, one can notice the important role of the reproductive nerve, starting from the cereal near the sacrum and with numerous branches providing the nerve sensitivity of the zone.
Hard but reliable
Doctors have to think about how to improve blood flow in the uterus only if the patient has suffered an injury, surgery or severe pathology. In the general case, the circulatory system of the genitals, compiled by numerous vessels, not only works flawlessly, but also has a high margin of safety. This is a voluminous complex of organs, which is characterized by a high blood flow velocity. This makes possible regular changes in the menstrual cycle, reproductive period.
Since the circulatory system is very rich, it is not a problem for the body to restore tissue lost during the menstrual cycle. Also, the correctness of the blood supply system is the key to the ability to implant a fertilized egg, to form a placenta.
Why do I need this?
It is usually necessary for those who cannot conceive for a long time to delve into the structure of the uterus, supply it with blood. As gynecological statistics show, it is this problem that most often pushes modern women to a detailed study of their own anatomical structure. Many hope that this will help to find an approach that will make it possible to fulfill a dream and become a mother.
Modern gynecology knows a number of quantitative, qualitative indicators that make it possible to assess how adequate the uterine blood supply system is. In the clinical case, this makes it possible to correctly assess the condition of the woman and find ways to solve the problem. Surprisingly, the anatomy of the pelvic organs is quite constant, despite significant differences in the body of different people. In addition, age-related changes strongly affect almost all organs, changing them, but the reproductive system remains stable for a long time. At the same time, doctors take into account that under the influence of pathologies, age factor, condition relative to the reproductive cycle, it is possible to adjust the characteristics of the circulatory system.
Arteries: features
The arterial system of the uterus is the ovarian, uterine artery, and the second is more responsible for the nutrition of the organ than the first. The uterine is divided into an ascending, descending artery near the isthmus. A blood vessel going down provides the supply of oxygen, trace elements to the vaginal walls, and the uterine neck. The second branch repeats the trajectory of the wide uterine ligament and attaches to it, reaches the ovarian artery, after which the vessels merge into a single whole.
When forming a single vessel of two, an arc located in a wide ligament also appears. This element is rich in branches that feed the surface of the uterus in front, behind. In addition, blood flow is provided throughout the entire thickness of the uterine walls, creating the necessary environment for cell activity.
Pregnancy: a change in the circulatory system
If in the normal state of the female reproductive system, the blood vessels that feed it, including the arteries in question, are quite winding, when the egg is fertilized, a gradual restructuring of the body occurs. This is not to say that the vessels become less sinuous, but they undergo changes. They become larger, while the diameter of the blood vessels grows, the arteries increase in length.
During gestation, the circulatory system of the genitals is actively developing, which affects the number of vessels that form it. Many branches grow into the uterus, repeating the contours of the external part of the organ. This phenomenon in anatomy is usually called a wonderful network. Such a term is applied to a kind of plexus of numerous elements, in the composition of which there are three types of vessels, differing in structure and position from each other.
Uterus: shape and parts
This term is used to denote one of the key components of the female reproductive system. The organ is formed by muscle tissue and normally has the shape of a pear. This element is located in the small female pelvis, nature is provided for the bearing of the fetus, subject to preliminary fertilization of the egg (reproductive function).
The uterus is formed by numerous elements in medicine divided into several groups of tissues. Allocate a bottom that looks up, forward, body, neck. The cervix descends to the vagina. The point at which the body passes into the uterus, in anatomy, is usually called the isthmus.
Surfaces and cavities
From the point of view of anatomy, we can talk about the presence of two surfaces of the organ. At the back, it is adjacent to the intestine, which gives the name of this part, and at the front the name is due to the proximity of the bladder. The uterus is characterized by the presence of right and left edges.
The greatest interest for any woman planning a pregnancy is the uterine cavity. It is relatively small, studies usually show a triangle shape. On the sides on the upper side there are pipes, and from the bottom the channel of the neck begins. With a detailed examination of the mucous membrane of the organ, you can see the glands that ensure the normal production of sex hormones. The cervical canal connects the uterine opening and the vaginal opening. To limit the hole, the rear, front lips are provided.
Girl and woman: there are differences
Usually, even if there is no information from the patient during the gynecological examination, the doctor can say for sure whether the woman gave birth or not. Conclusions can be made both from the shapes and sizes of the uterus. So, for girls, the conical shape of the uterus is characteristic, which gradually transforms into a cylindrical one with age. The most pronounced compliance with this form is for those who have already had childbirth. In this case, the hole is usually transverse, oval before delivery, and after them it turns into a transverse gap.
In different women, the uterus grows to different sizes, much depends on the state of reproductive status. So, if there was no birth before, then the length of the organ is usually not more than 8 cm, and for those who have already become a mother, the length can reach 9.5 cm. The width of the section giving rise to the fallopian tubes after delivery is 4.5 cm Before pregnancy, the uterus weighs no more than 300 grams, and the body develops more actively already during puberty, and in old age there is a natural decrease in size. Soon after birth, the uterus of the young mother returns to its former state by weight.
Structural features
The uterus is a complex organ formed by several layers of tissue. Inside, it is mucous tissue, in the center - muscle, and outside - serous. The middle layer is thicker than the other two, and the anatomy proposes to divide it into three additional layers (longitudinal outer and inner, circular in the center).
The mucous membrane is characterized by a thin epithelium formed by just one layer. It has a prismatic look. The mucous membrane is the place where the glands are concentrated, providing and controlling the work of the uterus. These are tubular simple glands. The inner surface of the organ in adulthood changes in compliance with a certain cycle. For the masses, this is known by the term "menstruation." During the "red days" the mucosa loses the functional layer - the tissue is rejected. When the process ends, the bleeding stops, the lost tissues are restored quite quickly and the mucous membrane is ready for its main function again - a fertilized egg is implanted here.
Two other shells: what are the features
The most important part of the uterus is its sheath, which is formed by muscle fibers. It has already been mentioned above that in anatomy it is customary to isolate three layers of smooth fibers woven together, taking into account the diversity of directions. In the center it is a circular plexus, and the inner and outer layers are longitudinal. The abundance of blood vessels is characteristic of the middle layer.
The peritoneum, which is also called the serous membrane, is intended to cover the uterine fundus, with the tissue gradually moving to the surface of the organ. If you examine the uterus from the front, you can see that the serous membrane reaches the neck and even slightly blocks the bladder. This allows the formation of an anatomically important groove.
Ultrasound as a method for studying the state of an organ
Such a methodology allows us to understand how the anatomically correct position is occupied by the uterus in the female body. , , .
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