When autumn confidently strides around the country, snow flies beyond the Arctic Circle, and in the Urals night temperatures keep below 8 degrees, the word form “heating season” sounds appropriate. People recalls past winters and try to figure out the norm of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system.
Prudent owners of individual buildings carefully inspect the valves and nozzles of the boilers. By October 1, residents of the apartment building are waiting as Santa Claus, a plumber from the management company. The lord of valves and gate valves brings warmth, and with it - joy, fun and confidence in the future.
Gigacalorie path
Megacities sparkle with tall buildings. A cloud of renovation hangs above the capital. Outback prays to the five-story building. Until they demolished, the system has a calorie supply system.
The economy class apartment building is heated through a centralized heat supply system. Pipes enter the basement of the building. The supply of the heat carrier is regulated by the gate valves, after which the water enters the sump, and from there it is distributed in risers, and from them it is supplied to the batteries and radiators that heat the housing.
The number of latches correlates with the number of risers. When performing repair work in a single apartment, it is possible to turn off one vertical, and not the entire house.
The spent liquid partially leaves through the return pipe, and partially flows into the hot water supply network.
Degrees here and there
Water for the heating configuration is prepared at the CHPP or in the boiler room. The norms of water temperature in the heating system are prescribed in the building rules: the component must be heated to 130-150 ° C.
The flow temperature schedule is calculated taking into account the parameters of the outdoor air. So, for the South Ural region, minus 32 degrees is taken into account.
So that the liquid does not boil, it must be supplied to the network under a pressure of 6-10 kgf. But this is a theory. In fact, most networks operate at 95-110 ° C, since the network pipes of most settlements are worn out and high pressure will tear them like a heating pad.
Extensible concept is the norm. The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment is never equal to the primary indicator of the heat carrier. Here, the elevator unit performs a energy-saving function - a jumper between the direct and return pipes. Norms of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system for the return in winter allow heat to be maintained at 60 ° C.
The liquid from a straight pipe enters the elevator nozzle, mixes with return water and again goes into the house network for heating. The temperature of the carrier by mixing the return is reduced. Which affects the calculation of the amount of heat consumed by residential and utility rooms.
Hot went
According to sanitary rules, the temperature of hot water at the points of analysis should be in the range of 60-75 ° .
In the hot water supply, the coolant is supplied from the pipe:
- in winter - from the back so as not to spy users with boiling water;
- in summer - with a straight line, since in summer the carrier is heated no higher than 75 ° C.
For the heating period, a temperature schedule is drawn up. The average daily return temperature should not exceed the schedule by more than 5% at night and 3% during the day.
Handout options
One of the details of home heating is the riser, through which the coolant enters the battery or radiator from the heat unit. The temperatures of the coolant in the heating system require heating in a riser in the winter in the range of 70-90 ° C. In fact, the degrees depend on the output parameters of the CHPP or boiler room. In the summer, when hot water is needed only for washing and showering, the range moves to the range of 40-60 ° C.
Observing people may notice that in the next apartment the heating elements are hotter or colder than in his own.
The reason for the temperature difference of the riser is the method of distribution of hot water.
In a single-tube design, a heat carrier may be distributed:
- from above; then the temperature on the upper floors is higher than on the lower;
- below, then the picture changes to the opposite - the bottom is hotter.
In a two-pipe system, the degree is the same throughout, theoretically 90 ° C in the forward and 70 ° C in the opposite direction.
Warm as a battery
Suppose that the central network structures are securely insulated along the entire route, the wind does not walk through attics, stairwells and basements, bona fide owners insulated the doors and windows in the apartments.
Assume that the coolant in the riser complies with building codes. It remains to find out what is the normal temperature of heating batteries in the apartment. The indicator takes into account:
- outside air parameters and time of day;
- the location of the apartment in terms of the house;
- residential or utility room in the apartment.
Therefore, attention: it is important, not what is the degree of the heater, but what is the degree of air in the room.
During the day, the thermometer should show at least 20 ° C in the corner rooms, and 18 ° C is allowed in the centrally located rooms.
At night, allowable air is 17 ° C and 15 ° C, respectively.
Theory of Linguistics
The name "battery" is household, denoting a number of identical objects. In relation to housing warming, this is a series of heating sections.
The temperature standards of heating batteries allow heating up to no higher than 90 ° C. According to the rules, parts heated above 75 ° C are fenced. This does not mean that they need to be lined with plywood or bricked. Usually put a lattice fence that does not interfere with air circulation.
Cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic devices are common.
Consumer Choice: Cast Iron or Aluminum
The aesthetics of cast-iron radiators is a byword. They require periodic painting, as the rules stipulate that the working surface of the heater has a smooth surface and makes it easy to remove dust and dirt.
A dirty coating forms on the rough inner surface of the sections, which reduces the heat transfer of the device. But the technical parameters of cast iron products at height:
- little susceptible to water corrosion, can be used for more than 45 years;
- have high thermal power per 1 section, therefore compact;
- are inert in heat transfer, therefore, they smooth out temperature differences in the room well.
Another type of radiator is made of aluminum. Lightweight construction, painted in the factory, does not require painting, easy to maintain.
But there is a drawback that overshadows the advantages - corrosion in the aquatic environment. Of course, the inner surface of the heater is insulated with plastic to avoid contact of aluminum with water. But the film can be damaged, then a chemical reaction will begin with the release of hydrogen, when an excess gas pressure is created, the aluminum device may burst.
The temperature standards of heating radiators obey the same rules as batteries: it is important not so much to heat a metal object as to heat the air in the room.
In order for the air to warm up well, there must be sufficient heat removal from the working surface of the heating structure. Therefore, it is strongly not recommended to increase the aesthetics of the room with shields in front of the heater.
Stairwell heating
Since we are talking about an apartment building, we should mention the stairwells. The temperature standards of the coolant in the heating system read: the degree measure on the sites should not fall below 12 ° C.
Of course, the discipline of residents requires closing the doors of the entrance group tightly, not leaving the transoms of the staircase windows open, keeping the windows intact and promptly reporting problems to the management company. If the Criminal Code does not take timely measures to warm the points of probable heat loss and compliance with the temperature regime in the house, an application for recalculating the cost of services will help.
Changes in heating design
Replacement of existing heating appliances in the apartment is carried out with the obligatory approval of the management company. Unauthorized changes in the elements of the warming radiation can disrupt the thermal and hydraulic balance of the structure.
The heating season will begin, a change in temperature will be recorded in other apartments and sites. A technical inspection of the premises will reveal an unauthorized change in the types of heating appliances, their quantity and size. The chain is inevitable: conflict - court - fine.
Therefore, the situation is resolved as follows:
- if not old ones are replaced with new radiators of the same standard size, then this is done without additional coordination; the only thing to contact the Criminal Code is to turn off the riser for the duration of the repair;
- if new products differ significantly from those installed during construction, it is useful to interact with the management company.
Heat meters
Let us recall once again that the heat supply network of an apartment building is equipped with heat metering units that record both the consumed gigacalories and the cubic meter of water passed through the house line.
In order not to be surprised at accounts containing unrealistic amounts for heat at degrees in the apartment below the norm, before the start of the heating season, check with the management company whether the meter is in working condition or if the calibration schedule is not violated.