Modern medicine has reached great heights in the development of cardiology, but the hypertensive crisis is still the main and main problem. Hypertensive patients are people who have developed hypertension (AH). According to statistics, every second hypertensive patient suffered a hypertensive crisis.
Arterial hypertension is a disease associated with an increase in blood pressure (blood pressure) and with a subsequent change in the internal organs. Accepted hypertension is classified according to three main criteria:
- according to the level of blood pressure: normal, optimal; borderline, mild (1) degree of arterial hypertension, moderate (2), severe (3) (more than 180/110);
- with the course: benign (slowly developing) and malignant (rapidly developing);
- by etiology: primary (essential), secondary (symptomatic), for example, when clogging the kidneys, taking glucocorticoids and contraceptives, adrenal disease.
The reasons for the occurrence of arterial hypertension can be: emotional stress, mental stress, head injuries, salt abuse, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, old age, menopause, atherosclerosis and obesity.
The main symptom of this disease is pain localized in the occipital region, combined with a feeling of a heavy and "plague" head. It is not uncommon for patients to experience a decrease in mental activity, increased irritability and emotionality, poor sleep, shortness of breath, and visual impairment.
If arterial hypertension is not treated , then complications necessarily arise: cardiac asthma, hypertensive crisis, pulmonary edema, heart attack, stroke.
What is a hypertensive crisis? This is an unexpectedly sharp jump in pressure to maximum figures with a general deterioration in the human condition. The following factors can provoke a crisis: nervous stress, weather changes, improper nutrition (abuse of salty, fried, fatty foods), physical activity, and alcohol consumption.
In therapeutic practice, there are three types: a first-order crisis (hyperkinetic), a second-order crisis (hypokinetic) and eukinetic (the most complex and severe form).
Hypertensive crisis of the first order. As a rule, it occurs in patients at an early stage of hypertension. Signs of a hypertensive crisis develop suddenly, usually against a background of satisfactory (good) health. There is a headache of a predominantly pulsating nature, dizziness, vomiting, chills, cramps, as well as tachycardia and increased systolic pressure. This condition can last from several hours to a day.
A second-order crisis develops at later stages and its characteristic feature is a gradual increase in symptoms. Patients have a headache, drowsiness, lethargy, impaired hearing and vision, and diastolic pressure also rises.
Eukenetic crisis. He is characterized by the appearance of a patient: impaired sensitivity, motor disorder, lethargy, speech impairment, seizures, as well as an increase in both systolic pressure and diastolic.
Help with a hypertensive crisis should be provided immediately. To begin with, the patient must be laid with his head raised. Provide access to fresh air and conduct distracting therapy. This can be: mustard plasters on the sacral area or calf muscles, a can (collar) mustard, hot foot baths and hand baths. You can give nitroglycerin under the tongue, clonidine (0.2) or nifedipine (10 mg). And also urgently call a therapist or ambulance.
Provided timely assistance is the key to a speedy recovery and preservation of life.