Not every couple can give birth to their child. Some have not been given the chance to know this process. Often, such families decide to adopt a child. This operation takes a lot of time and effort. But if you prepare for it in advance, you can avoid most of the problems. Not everyone adopts children because they cannot have their own. Some do it for good deeds, to help children without parents. In any case, you will have to find out how the child adoption procedure is carried out in the Russian Federation. Otherwise, achieving the desired result will fail. And even with full awareness of how to adopt a baby, there are no guarantees for the successful implementation of the task. There are a lot of limitations when trying to bring an idea to life!
Who can be an adoptive parent
The procedure for adopting a child from the Baby House or from the orphanage begins with a full clarification of the situation. Who can become an adoptive parent?
At the moment, they are allowed to speak to such persons:
- single person;
- official spouses.
At the same time, the relatives of the adopted person have a pre-emptive right to implement the relevant task.
Conditions for adoption
Where to start the child adoption procedure? With the study of the basic rules for translating ideas into reality. In Russia, as already mentioned, it is far from always possible to quickly solve the problem. For years, some families have been fighting for the right to take their step child.
Adopters must meet certain requirements. Among them are the following points:
- The availability of decent income and housing suitable for living by the adopted person.
- The absence of serious diseases.
- Full legal capacity.
- Good biography.
- The age difference with the child they want to take cannot be less than sixteen.
Also, for some time now, in Russia, adoptive parents must first study at a specialized school. Without it, the procedure will be denied. This decision is considered completely legal.
Who will not be allowed to be an adoptive parent in the Russian Federation
How is the procedure for adopting a child, will be described later. To begin with, everyone should understand what difficulties a person may encounter.
Not everyone can cope with the original task. It will not work to take the step-home baby:
- To persons incapable or limited in their legal capacity.
- Citizens without suitable housing.
- Little money-making people.
- A person who has a criminal record or is in prison.
- Citizens deprived of parental rights.
- Persons who refused adoption earlier or were deprived of such rights in court.
In Russia, adoption by same-sex couples, as well as US citizens, is prohibited. But the "local" residents with this task will be much less problems.
Where is carried
The child’s adoption procedure is carried out by first contacting the citizen with the guardianship authorities, and then to the orphanage or baby house. But that will not be enough.
At the moment, direct adoption is carried out in court. The judge will examine the documents proposed by the plaintiff and then decide how to proceed. In the case of a positive response to the request for adoption, it remains only to re-register children's documents in the registry office. Otherwise - accept the refusal or try to eliminate the causes thereof.
Quick guide
The process of adopting a child from an orphanage is a long, albeit not too complicated, process. If you briefly describe all the upcoming actions, you can reduce the implementation of the task to the simplest instructions.
It will have the following form:
- Contact the guardianship authorities at the place of registration of the potential adoptive parent and submit a request for adoption.
- To receive information from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities on the suitability of a person to act as an adoptive parent.
- Generate a specific set of documents required for further actions. It will be described in more detail below.
- Contact your baby's home or an orphanage with a request for adoption. At this point, you will have to fill out a short questionnaire. It is advisable at the moment or a little earlier to take courses of foster parents.
- Examine the data on potential adoptive parents, as well as get to know them if desired.
- To establish emotional contact with a child whom you want to take to your family. This will play into the hands of the court.
- File a lawsuit for adoption by a judicial authority.
- Take part in a meeting on the relevant case.
- Get a court order, and then reissue children's documents at the registry office or through the MFC. This step is only available if the claim is approved.
It does not sound scary and very easy. Only in practice it is problematic to take a step-child into the family. In addition, in the process will have to prepare a lot of documents. True, there are exceptions. We will talk about them later.
Visit to custody
What body is the procedure for adopting a child, found out. Now it is worth considering the main stages of the corresponding operation in more detail. The only way to avoid unnecessary problems.
The procedure begins with an appeal to the guardianship authorities. If this service does not recognize the family as suitable for acting as adoptive parents, further action is simply a waste of time.
To act as an adoptive parent, you need to prepare a certain package of documents. It should be referred to as “custody”. Usually this includes:
- statement;
- passport;
- characteristics from the place of official employment or study;
- certificates confirming the income of a citizen;
- extracts from the place of registration of the applicant;
- documents indicating the presence of a potential adoptive parent of housing;
- extracts testifying to the fact that a person has no criminal record;
- certificates on the state of health of the citizen (including from the narcological and neurological dispensary).
These are the main documents, without which it will not be possible to achieve the desired result. Also sometimes useful:
- certificate of marriage or divorce;
- certificates of birth or adoption of all minor children living with the applicant.
All listed documents must be submitted in originals. Copies of these do not have any legal force. So, neither the court nor the guardianship authorities will take them into account.
Important: if at the time of applying to the "guardianship" a citizen has already undergone special education as an adoptive parent, this will be a huge plus.
Housing inspection
In order to issue a certificate of suitability for acting as an adoptive parent in the aforementioned body, a thorough check of the submitted documents will be carried out. In addition, the “guardianship” officers will come to the applicant’s place of residence and study the housing.
As a rule, this is agreed in advance with representatives of the relevant authority. On the appointed day, a guardianship officer comes to the house, he inspects the home of the potential adoptive parent and draws up the corresponding act.
If you can live with an underage person in an apartment or house, you will need to pick up a certificate of the established form in the “custody” at the agreed time. To obtain it, it is enough to present an identity card.
Baby choice
What is the procedure for adopting a child in Russia? A quick guide has already been presented. Now you can consider the key stages thereof in more detail.
To take the baby from the Baby House or from the orphanage, you need to come with the documents listed above, as well as a certificate from the guardianship in a specialized institution. In the house of the institutions mentioned above, the adoptive parent fills out a questionnaire. It writes data about the adult or family, as well as the criteria by which the child will be selected in the cell of society.
After studying the questionnaire, employees of institutions for children without parents will select suitable babies by submitting their profiles to the applicants. At this point, you will have to carefully study the proposed documents. Otherwise, adoption can cause a lot of problems.
What to look at when selecting
The procedure for adopting a child in Russia is often complicated by the fact that not every person can provide good housing for the baby, as well as enough money to support him. Nevertheless, with medium or high incomes for the region of the applicant, it is worth trying happiness!
What documents will you have to pay attention to when choosing a child for a family? The potential adoptive parent should carefully study:
- baby's profile;
- certificates on how the child ended up in the institution for children without parents;
- extracts from the medical card of a minor.
If a person agrees to the adoption of a sick child without noticing a particular disease, you will have to come to terms with this. Also, not everyone is ready to take in a family a baby who had poor heredity. It can also affect the lives of adoptive parents. All this will have to be considered before such a serious step.
Acquaintance and contact
The procedure for adopting a child from the Baby House, as a rule, is not always accompanied by acquaintance with the baby and the establishment of emotional contact with him. Such children are too small to build relationships with strangers. But when adopting a child of a more conscious age, not a baby, you must definitely get acquainted with the chosen adopter and try to make friends with him.
In order for everything to be successful, it is recommended to visit the child regularly, give him small gifts and have fun. If an emotional connection is established with a minor, it will be much easier to take him into the family. The judge will definitely take this moment into account, especially in relation to children over 10 years old. The judge will ask such guys if they want to go to this or that family.
For court
The procedure for adopting a child after contact with the baby has not been completed. It will continue, but in a different place. Namely in court. Do not be afraid, you just need to get ready!
It is recommended that all previously listed documents be taken to court. In addition to them attach:
- baby's birth certificate;
- acts on the adoption of a child in a specialized institution for residence;
- medical statements about the state of health;
- certificate of education at the school of foster parents.
Ideally, also take the child to a psychologist and get a certificate that a close emotional relationship has been established with the adoptive parents.
Based on the above documents, the judge will decide what to do next. If a citizen is suitable for acting as an adoptive parent, most likely he will be allowed to take one or another baby to the family.
In the registry office
The procedure for adopting a child is carried out according to the previously mentioned principles. What to do when the court order is in the hands of the applicants?
As already mentioned, you need to go to the registry office for a certificate of adoption. You will also have to change children's documents.
To achieve such a result, adoptive parents are required to take documents for the child, a court decision, a marriage certificate (if any), as well as passports. It'll be enough.
Stepfather and stepmother
The procedure for adopting a child by stepfather or stepmother in real life is faster. Especially if one of the baby’s parents is deprived of parental rights, is a criminal or died / disappeared.
First of all, for adoption, you will need to enter into an official marriage with one of the child's parents. Without it, you can forget about further actions - to achieve the desired result will not work. Cohabitation is not considered by the court as an official relationship.
After the marriage is concluded, you need to carefully study the specific situation. The following situations are possible:
- The second parent is, he is not deprived of parental rights and performs parental duties. In such circumstances, the approval of the person concerned is required. In case of failure, the procedure will be unavailable.
- The child has a mom and dad, both have parental rights, but one of them evades parental responsibilities. You can either obtain the permission of the “deviator” to adopt, or deprive the negligent parent of parental rights in court.
- There is no second parent. It is enough to get permission from the husband or wife of the potential adoptive parent.
In reality, everything is simpler than it seems. After obtaining permission or depriving the second parent of the rights to a minor, you need to collect a certain package of certificates and contact him in court. If the claim is satisfied, go to the registry office and reissue the children's documents.
Help for adoption by a stepfather
We studied the procedure for adopting a child from a baby’s house. Documents for this operation were also presented. But what if we are talking about the adoption of stepfather or stepmother?
Under such circumstances, it will be necessary to prepare for the court almost exactly the same certificates as when taking a child to a family from a specialized institution. Only a certificate from the "guardianship" is replaced by the consent of the baby's parents or an extract on the deprivation of the parental rights of one of the legal representatives of the minor. It is also advisable to provide extracts from the place of residence and documents indicating the income of the stepfather. The certificate stating that the person was not previously convicted will not be superfluous. Although it is not necessary to report on income.
What body is the procedure for adopting a child? And how to achieve the desired result? More answers to such questions will not put a person in an awkward position!