Anatomy of the structure of a person’s face - bones, muscles, nerve endings, skin, lymphatic system and much more. It is necessary to know it, first of all, to plastic surgeons and cosmetologists. This information is also necessary in order to properly perform exercises and massage to preserve the youthfulness of the face without harm to health.
Skull structure
The appearance of a person almost entirely depends on the front of the skull. It is worth noting the fact that the structure of the male skull is very different from the female. So, men are characterized by a powerful bone skeleton, protruding superciliary arches and eye sockets of a small size. While in women, the bones of the face are less pronounced, and the eye sockets are rounded.
The skull consists of 23 bones, which include eight paired and seven unpaired groups. All of them can be divided into facial and brain groups.
- Facial paired bones include: lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, palatine, as well as bones of the upper jaw and lower nasal concha. Facial unpaired bones consist of: lattice, vomer, as well as hyoid bone and lower jaw. A group of facial bones is responsible for the proper functioning of the respiratory and digestive tract.
- Brain bones as well as facial ones consist of paired and unpaired bones. They are located above the facial section and form such parts of the face: the frontal zone and tubercles, orbits, nasal cavities and tubercles. Paired include the temporal and parietal small bones, and unpaired: the frontal, sphenoid and occipital bones.
Anatomical features of the facial part of the skull
The human face is a complex structure that connects the muscles, blood vessels, veins and nerves. In order to correctly carry out all medical and cosmetic measures on the face, you need to know the whole anatomy of the structure of the person’s face, all the muscles and nerves located on the front of the head. And also take into account their relationship with the system of lymph nodes, the structure of nerve fibers on the face and the vascular network located in the same part.
Muscles of the face
A distinctive feature of the anatomy of the structure of the muscles of the face of a person is that they are attached to the skin. This means that as they age, the skin undergoes changes.
The muscles on the face can be divided into several groups, namely: facial, chewing, neck, sublingual, oral, and also responsible for eye movements. This division is rather arbitrary, since the same muscles can relate to one or several groups at once.
The facial muscles are most affected by facial muscles, which are attached to the skin with one part and the bones with the other. Their main task is to show emotions on the face, which, in turn, appear when the skin is stretched and wrinkles form.
The muscles are located on the upper, middle and lower parts of the face and represent the frontal, temporal, chin, large and small zygomatic and chewing muscles, as well as lying around the eyes and lips, raising and lowering the corners of the lips and upper lip, nasal muscles, rhizorius and anovrotic helmet.
Most of the muscles on the face are paired, located on both sides and can contract individually. Over time, they begin to weaken, narrow, wrinkles appear on the skin. Special facial exercises will help prevent the appearance of wrinkles for a long time.
The functions of the muscles of the head and face
The anatomy of the muscles and bones of a person’s face has been studied very well, just like the specific role of each muscle.
- The tendon helmet or muscle of the cranial vault is responsible for the movement of the muscles of the head and tendons, and also collects the skin on the forehead in transverse folds and raises the superciliary arches.
- Using the occipital-frontal pyramidal muscle, eyebrows rise and horizontal folds form on the forehead. These are paired muscles, each of which is located above the eyebrow, so the eyebrows can rise and fall separately from each other.
- The muscle of the temporal region is responsible for the movement of the jaw.
- The arrogant muscles are located between the superciliary arches and extend to the forehead area. Using them, you can wrinkle your forehead and move your eyebrows. If you strain these muscles, then a horizontal fold appears on the nose.
- The eyebrow wrinkling muscles are responsible for raising the eyelids and eyebrow movement. Hypertonicity of these muscles leads to the formation of a vertical interbrow fold.
- The circular muscles of the eyes are responsible for raising and lowering the eyelids.
- The nasal muscle drives the wings of the nose.
- The lacrimal muscle raises the upper lip and the wings of the nose.
- Small and large zygomatic muscles lift up the corners of the mouth, and shift them to the side while smiling.
- The circular muscle of the mouth is responsible for the movement of the lips.
- Modiolus is responsible for the work of the muscles of the mouth and forms the lower third of the front of the head.
- The muscle of laughter stretches the corners of the mouth. In some people, one can see how dimples appear on the cheeks when this muscle contracts.
- The buccal muscle is located under the muscle of laughter. It serves to support the cheeks and stretch the corners of the mouth to the sides. Between the muscle and the cheek lies the fat layer, with age it becomes thinner, which becomes the cause of the hollow cheeks.
- The triangular muscle lowers the corners of the lips when expressing sadness. The hypertonicity of this muscle gives the face a gloomy expression.
- The muscle that is responsible for moving the lips down, thus providing a mask of disgust on the face.
- The chin muscle is the paired muscle located under the muscle of the lower lip. If there is a distance between these muscles, then a person has a dimple on the chin. In addition, with the help of this muscle, you can give the face an arrogant expression by pulling the lower lip up.
In the photo of the structure of the anatomy of the human face, you can see what each muscle individually and combined is.
Lymphatic structure
The anatomy of the structure of the lymph nodes of a person’s face suggests that they pass through the cheeks, cheekbones and chin and are divided into the following groups:
- submandibular;
- facial;
- deep and superficial parotid;
- chin.
Lymph is a transparent-colored fluid that seeps through the thin walls of the capillaries and flows through the entire body. Lymph reliably protects the body from infection, since its main task is to remove toxins and ensure the proper exchange of nutrients between the circulatory system and tissues.
Skin on the face
The anatomy of the structure of the skin of a person’s face is a multitude of cells whose healthy state affects the appearance. The skin is responsible for protecting the body from external factors.
The uppermost layer of the facial skin is the epidermis, its task is to protect against the effects of negative factors. The next layer is the dermis, which consists of two levels:
- Mesh layer - responsible for the smoothness of the skin. It consists of a network of blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
- Papillary layer - concentrates nerve fibers and endings, capillaries and outgrowths.
It is the dermis that is responsible for the production of collagen and elastin, in connection with which, with the formation of wrinkles, it becomes necessary to act on this particular layer of the skin.
The third and last layer is the deepest and consists of subcutaneous fat, is responsible for the preservation of nutrients that affect the condition of the entire skin. The effect on this layer should be carried out in the presence of a lack of vitamins in the body, which can contribute to an unhealthy complexion.
Vascular tissue of the face
On the front of the head, the vessels are a developed network that helps the wounds on the face to heal quickly enough. Blood supply to the face is ensured by the passage of the external arteries, which are located under the facial muscles, passing from the neck to the face, then pass to the corners of the lips and further to the orbits.
Facial nerves
The anatomy of the structure of the nerves of a person’s face is a complex structure. So, the nerves of the face consist of: nuclei, capillaries, lymph nodes, processes of the nerve trunk and the space of the cortex between the cerebral hemispheres.
There are facial nerve and trigeminal. The facial nerve consists of: mandibular, zygomatic, temporal, cervical and buccal branches. And the trigeminal nerve is divided into: mandibular, optic and maxillary branches.
As you can see, the anatomy of the structure of a person’s face is a rather complex structure, but you need to know it in order to learn how to care for yourself, apply makeup and do exercises for the face in order to preserve his youth for a long time.