Preschool children are able to perceive information better than others, and parents should not waste this time. New knowledge and skills are easily acquired through various outdoor and board games. At the age of 3 to 7 years, children try to copy the actions of adults, imitate animals and birds. Parents at this time need to direct the child on the right path to understanding life.
With the help of active games you can achieve success in this matter. The classification of outdoor games is quite diverse: in complexity, in terms of load, taking into account the age of the child, in the use of shells, etc. Adults need to help their child adapt to life. However, one should not forget about the independence of the child. You can complicate the game a little, change its direction, but you should not indicate how to act the baby.
The value of outdoor games
Many experts in the field of parenting, including Frebel, Leontyev, Reich, noted the importance of outdoor games for the child. They argued that active games can develop children both physically and mentally. In addition, children during these classes are always in the movement that they need.
Outdoor games for preschoolers are indispensable, as they are able to improve the child's attentiveness and physical condition, its plasticity and understanding of the environment. During the game, children learn the world from a new perspective, and in addition, strengthen and improve their skills.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of active games for the child, since here, among other things, imagination and fantasy, speech and memory develop. In addition, outdoor games are very good for health, especially in the fresh air. Children jump, run, play with the ball, which contributes to normal blood circulation and increased breathing. This has a positive effect on the body, especially growing.
Active Games Technique
Preschool children in most cases are extremely active, and therefore there is no need to be very surprised if the child does not stand still and minutes. They constantly run, jump, roll the ball, fight, play with their peers. The child must act and play independently, for this the educator or teacher needs to create all the conditions.
The adult's task is to guide and provide all necessary playgrounds. First, you need as much free space as possible so that the child does not feel locked up. Secondly, you need to provide all the necessary toys that contribute to motor activity of babies.
All children are different: someone likes to play alone, someone is too active, and someone, on the contrary, is calmer. The teacher needs to consider all this and indirectly direct the game process. But you can’t do this powerfully and strictly, you need to push the child to the right decision. Some need help and play with them, while others offer a different game. The teacher should remember that almost all children in the younger groups prefer to play one at a time. He should try to instill in children a love of joint games. It is necessary to properly organize and present the game, thereby arousing interest. This is the technique of outdoor games.
Active games throughout the day
Every day, teachers need to conduct outdoor games with the kids. Before breakfast, you need to let the children play on their own, without distracting them. To do this, you need to take out the toys and encourage the kids to the lesson. Outdoor games for preschoolers are not appropriate immediately after breakfast and any other meal. When choosing games, you need to consider the activities that were before them. For example, after drawing or Russian lessons, you need to offer active games in order to move more.
It is recommended to use outdoor games for a walk, in the fresh air. The room should only be crossed if weather conditions are not suitable, such as heavy rain or wind. If the weather is just such weather, you need to play in a large hall, where everyone has enough space.
In the evening, it is also recommended to play games, but with little mobility. Singing with round dances is good. This session should last about 10 minutes. The most favorable time of the year for games is, of course, summer. Since outdoor games for a walk in the summer it is quite easy to realize. On hot days, it is advisable to conduct classes with medium or low activity so that children do not overheat. And on cooler days it is better to use the games with the highest activity.
The hardest thing is to play games in the fresh air in winter and autumn. Usually, children wear warm clothes and bulky shoes, which makes their physical activity difficult. In this case, classes with simple movements that will not tire the kids are ideal.
Outdoor games in the Kindergarten (pre-school educational institution) in the fresh air and in the hall contribute to a significant increase in physical and mental abilities. Kindergarten is a place that is one of the key in shaping the views and interests of the child.
Classification of outdoor games
Experts in this field note that a wide variety of active games has led to the need for their division. As already mentioned, they are classified by complexity, by degree of mobility, etc.
In the most general form, games can be divided into simple and complex. Simple are classified into plot, plotless, attractions and games-fun.
Story games are distinguished by a clearly developed scenario with fixed rules. They are characterized by the thoughtful actions of all participants in the events, deviation from the plot seems impossible. Games of this type are popular in all groups, especially for the youngest.
Plotless games are characterized by the absence of a script, but they require attention, speed and independence from children. During the lesson, the child must repeat a certain motor action, most often presented in the form of a competition.
Attractions and fun games also require a specific task in the form of competition. The difference from the plotless is that some of the children participate in the game, and the other part is spectators. These outdoor games in the DOW are very popular, as they cause delight among children.
Almost all sports games are classified as complex. This is football, and basketball, and volleyball, and hockey. Of course, young children cannot participate in these adult competitions, and therefore conduct classes in a simplified system.
Active games can also be distinguished by their motor content: running, jumping, projectile throwing, etc. There is a classification of outdoor games according to their degree of mobility. Examples of such games can be very diverse. Distinguish between occupation of large, medium and low activity. The first group includes those classes in which most children take part, most often it is running or jumping. The second group includes games in which all the guys also participate, but the tasks are calmer, for example, walking or transferring shells. In games of low mobility, actions are not intense and have a slow pace.
Active Game Guide
Preschool children are very fond of all outdoor games, but of course they cannot organize them on their own. In this the tutor comes to their aid. The teacher should remember that the main goal of such games is to improve and develop the child’s physical and mental abilities. The ability to work in a team is also very important, which must be taught in childhood. The plan of outdoor games should be drawn up so that the children in the process of learning receive the development of their skills.
The teacher needs to take part in the games, thereby showing by his own example to the child how interesting and exciting this is. Children are very fond of playing with adults, so they feel older. You need to use a cheerful tone in communication, it captivates the kids.
Organizing an outdoor game is a rather difficult task, since all children are individual, and it is far from a fact that everything will go smoothly from the very beginning. Often you can observe a situation where not all kids want to take part in a collective game due to their shyness. No need to put pressure on the child, you should give him some time to get comfortable. If the baby is still shy and afraid to play with others, you can try to carefully tie him into the process. The offer to run or hide together will be an excellent way out of this situation for the educator.
The teacher must correctly manage the game, control it in order to avoid unpleasant situations. Something to suggest, somewhere to cheer up is a great option. If most children begin to indulge, and interest disappears, it is necessary to stop the game and give the kids time to relax.
Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education
From the beginning of 2014, a new document came into force, which is a set of mandatory requirements for preschool education. Speech and cognitive, as well as artistic and physical development, are the areas in which GEF operates. Each of these areas has its own tasks that will help children learn the world and develop in all areas.
In addition, GEF regulates the following activities of children: play, communicative, cognitive, perception of fiction, self-service and domestic work, visual, musical and motor. To achieve certain goals for each type of activity outdoor games are characteristic. GEF is aimed at achieving certain goals:
- raising the status of preschool education;
- ensuring equal opportunities for every baby;
- maintaining the unity of education in the Russian Federation, including preschool;
- ensuring high quality preschool education.
This document is an excellent innovation, which is designed to regulate all the DOW on the correct implementation of their actions. With the entry into force of the GEF, pre-school institutions have become more responsible in this matter. Now there is a clear plan of action, following which you can provide the highest quality education for the younger generation.
Outdoor games in kindergartens for the senior group
Most children before school spend most of their lives in Kindergarten. Therefore, the holding of games in such institutions is mandatory. The classification of outdoor games implies a division into two parts: for very young and older children.
The preparatory group is characterized mainly by ball games. For example, you need to find out who runs faster from start to finish, throwing the ball. In addition, games such as The Mousetrap, Owl, Shepherd and the Wolf are popular. Let's consider each of them.
Mousetrap. Children are divided into two identical groups. The first is the mice, which should line up in a column one after another. The other group should form three circles holding hands. When the teacher says, “The mousetrap is open,” the children who are standing in a circle raise their hands, and the mice run through each circle in turn. When the teacher gives the command: “Slam,” the children in the circle give up. Those mice that are inside the circles are considered caught. The game continues until all the “mice” are caught.
Owl Children are divided into two groups: butterflies and bugs. In addition, one baby is chosen, which will act as an owl. For him, a circle is drawn - a nest, and he stands there. When the teacher says: “Day”, all the butterflies and bugs freely walk around the site, doing whatever they like. As soon as the teacher says: “Night,” everyone stops, and the owl begins to roam around the site. Those children who move, the owl takes with him to the nest. The game ends when there are several butterflies or bugs in the nest.
Shepherd and the wolf . Choose two children who will be a wolf and a shepherd respectively. The rest are sheep. It is necessary to draw an area for the house of sheep and for the place where they will graze. The shepherd takes the sheep to the pastures, at the command: “Wolf”, everyone should run away. The wolf’s task is to catch as many sheep as possible and take him to his lair, and the shepherd is called upon to protect his pets. The game ends when the wolf has caught a certain number of sheep.
Outdoor games for the little ones
Here, preference is given to games where you can observe a clear plot. It is advisable that each child has a role to play. Also popular are games without a plot at all, which are the simplest, for example, catch-ups. So, outdoor games for the younger group of kindergarten:
- Chicken and chickens. To play this game you need a rope and two racks. A rope is pulled between them, on one side there is a house of chicken with chickens, on the other grain. When the chicken goes to the other side, she calls the ko-ko-ko chickens. Hearing, chickens run around the territory, simulating movements. On command: "Home", everyone comes on the other side of the rope.
- Brook. All children participate here, and there is no need to divide into teams. It is required to draw a "brook" of small width and draw pebbles at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. Children stand at the beginning and cross the stream by pebbles. If the child has stumbled, it means he “wet the legs” and you need to try from the very beginning.
- The sun is rain . For this game, you need to arrange chairs and hoops (improvised houses) around the entire perimeter of the site. When the teacher says: “Sunny, it's time to walk,” the children leave the houses and run around the playground. On command: "Rain, it's time to go home," all the children are running back.
The purpose of outdoor games in kindergarten is, first of all, the development of personal and physical qualities, as well as teaching children to make friends and work as a team. It is generally accepted that the school educates people. However, education begins in kindergarten. Thanks to active games, children more easily perceive information and develop the necessary skills faster.
Plot outdoor games
Classes with a specific scenario instill a sense of responsibility and self-discipline in children. Story games are very diverse, consider some of them.
- Sparrows and a car. All children sit on chairs or benches on one side of the playground. Here they play the role of sparrows that sit in their nests. On the opposite side is the educator, presented as a car. When the teacher says: “Sparrows flew,” all the children get up and run or walk on the site. On command: "The car is traveling," all the children return as quickly as possible to their nests.
- Airplanes . The teacher calls certain children in the amount of 3-4, who are on the opposite side from the others. On command: “Get ready for the flight, start the engines”, the children make rotational movements of their hands in front of the chest. When the teacher says: “Flew,” the children spread their arms to the sides, simulating an airplane, and run to the other side. At the “Landing” command, the children land in their places. Then the next group of babies is selected.
- The bubble . Children, together with the teacher, form a small circle, holding hands. When the teacher says: "Inflate the bubble, inflate the big one," the children slowly move back, forming a large circle. After the teacher says: “Burst the bubble”, the children should lower their hands and squat, saying “Clap”. After that, you need to get up and form a small circle again.
- Birds fly . Children stand on a hill on one side of the playground. After the words “The sun is shining”, the children run out to the playground and begin to search and peck the improvised grains. When the teacher says: “It began to rain,” the children return back to the hill.
Plotless outdoor games
They are designed to teach children agility, speed and orientation in space.
- Find the color. The teacher gives each child a flag of a different color. Usually the color scheme consists of red, yellow, green and blue. Four children stand with flags near a specific flag of a similar color. When the teacher gives the command: “Go for a walk”, the other children scatter around the site in a chaotic manner. After the words: “Find your color”, children need to run to the flag of their color as quickly as possible.
- Do not be late. The teacher lays out any rattles in the shape of a circle. At his command, the children scatter around the room away from them. When the teacher says: “Do not be late,” the children run back to the center of the room.
- Find your home. Children are divided into several groups, each of them becomes in a particular tree. It is their house. At the command of the teacher, the children scatter where and where. : « », , .
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