Design and technological documentation is created during the design of structures, machines, studies of different directions, organization of production. It is also used in the course of geological surveys, geodetic and other works. Let us consider in more detail what constitutes a system of technological documentation .
general characteristics
Technical and technological documentation is compiled differently. One of the most common types is drawing. It is a display of an object on a plane, made using special tools. A drawing containing some text marks allows you to understand the device’s structure, imagine how it looks, establish the material from which it is made, and the method of its manufacture.
Appointment
The development of technological documentation is carried out to solve current production problems. In particular, it is used in the construction of structures, buildings, the creation of industrial products and so on. After completion of work, removal of the product from production, the technical documentation remains valid. In particular, it is used during the subsequent operation of the constructed facilities, reconstruction, repair, etc. The previously created documents are used when approving new ones, for comparing parameters, analysis, and obtaining reference information. Technical documentation is necessary to ensure the normal operation of equipment and machinery. In addition, it is widely used to study the history of science.
Design documentation
It is used in industrial production to create products. Completeness and types of documents for all sectors of the national economic complex are defined in the standards. In practice, the following types are used:
- Drawings of details. They can be of a general form, assembly, overall, theoretical, installation.
- Drawings schemes.
- Technical descriptions, specifications.
- Sheets.
- Explanatory notes, etc.
Design documents may contain texts. They, in turn, are continuous or broken into graphs. In the first case, we are talking about technical descriptions, explanatory notes, calculations, instructions, passports and so on. Documents broken down into graphs are presented in the form of tables, statements, specifications, etc.
Blueprints
They display details, designs, elements. The drawing, in addition to the image, may contain other information used in the manufacture of the product. For example, it can be a description of the material, dimensions, heat treatment to the required strength, accuracy class, processing cleanliness, tolerances. An assembly drawing illustrates a unit diagram. It allows you to imagine the location and interconnection of individual elements of the product. Based on such a drawing, assembly and control (verification) are carried out. In some cases, the connection diagram of the components or the arrangement of the elements of the product is attached to the image if special documents are not issued on them. In addition, drawings often contain descriptions of the extreme positions of moving parts of a structure. The diagrams display parts in a simplified form. They give a general idea of the product, its device, features of functioning.
Technological documentation
This is a set of text and graphic papers. Separately or in aggregate, they determine the course of manufacturing products or the construction of capital construction facilities. Technological documentation is the most important storage medium. It reflects the methods of creating parts, assembling products, construction, repair, operation of structures. The documentation of the technological process contains information about the organization of operations, their sequence, time, frequency. It includes factory regulations, maps, drawings of fixtures, tools, equipment. Technological documentation includes staff work schedules, technical specifications, and other regulatory materials.
Other types
Technical descriptions contain information about the most characteristic features of the product. They provide the key parameters of the part, indicate the purpose. Such documents describe the design and operation of the individual components of the product. The specification determines the composition of the kit, assembly unit. The explanatory note contains a description of the principle of operation and design of the device, the justification of technical and economic solutions. Vedomosti are lists of different securities, grouped by specific characteristics.
Instances
Design documents are divided into originals, copies, duplicates. The scripts are signed by the responsible staff. They are performed on a medium that allows it to be used repeatedly. Typically, a document (other than the original) is marked with a copy or duplicate. In the latter case, the paper has the same strength as the original. Copies are used directly in the development, production, repair, operation of products. Holders of originals, that is, a list of enterprises possessing originals, are entered in special statements.
Map
It is considered the main technological document. The map contains a detailed description, calculations of all operations carried out at the enterprise in the manufacture of the product. The technological map may be:
- Operating room. It records a separate procedure. For example, it can be drilling holes, grinding the surface, etc.
- Route (general). Such a map reflects the sequence of operations for creating the part.
- Cyclic. It lists the groups of operations carried out by one employee or performed in one workshop.
Also, enterprises use typical process cards. They contain information about equipment, material standards for the production of a group of parts, as well as assembly units.
Specificity
The routing (general) routing is drawn up for each product. In accordance with it, operational and other papers are drawn up, devices are designed, the necessary tool. Based on the information (circuits) present in the card, equipment is selected. Technological documentation is a detailed description of all operations to create each part, product, assembly unit. They bring in it:
- Name of operations.
- The scheme of installation and processing of the part.
- Used equipment (machines).
- Fixtures and tools.
- Mode of operation. Here indicate the speed, temperature conditions, etc.
- Time and method of processing.
- Rank and specialty of the employee.
- Cost of operations.
Additionally
The technological documentation should include factory regulations. In accordance with them, operations are carried out at metallurgical, chemical, oil refining, pulp and paper and other enterprises. In the factory regulations they describe, normalize, and in some cases schematically display the physicochemical processes that must take place during the creation of the product. In particular, information is given on equipment, components, reactions, etc.