The human tibia is a part of the lower limb that is located between the thigh and foot. Nature created this segment in such a way that it could withstand the enormous loads caused by upright homo sapiens. Two very strong bones: outside - the fibula, inside - the tibia - form the lower leg. The photo shows the relative position and structure of these bones.
The muscle apparatus of this part of the body is classically divided into 3 groups: extensors of the foot and fingers (front group), then the muscles that flex, bend and penetrate the foot (outer or lateral group), and finally the flexors (back group).
Sometimes situations arise when, due to various pathological processes and injuries, the only option for salvation is the amputation of a person’s lower leg. The patient loses his leg, and with it the ability to move independently. Medicine offers a way out of this situation - prosthetics.
This procedure is the compensation of a missing segment or limb entirely with the help of special devices in order to restore the anatomical shape and function of this area of the body as much as possible. In this case, devices are meant prostheses, corsets, orthoses (orthopedic devices), as well as special orthopedic shoes.
Such devices return partially or fully supporting and motor function of the damaged segment, help create the best conditions for rehabilitation, and minimize the risk of complications.
Denture prosthesis is one of the most common types of prosthetics. A small amount of muscle tissue, bone protrusions on the front surface of the tibia, as well as frequent malnutrition in this area incredibly complicate the process of creating a convenient and effective design.
From the point of view of anatomy and physiology, the ability of the stump to withstand the load on the lower leg of a person varies significantly at different levels of amputation. The main principle says: in relation to healthy tissues, the more the artificial prosthesis is loaded, the more physiological the design will turn out. That is why surgeons choose such a high level of amputation of the lower leg: a large number of muscles will help cover the edges of the bones, the stump is completely immersed in the receiving capsule of the prosthesis, and the load is distributed with a maximum on the artificial part.
When prosthetizing a man’s lower leg, adhere to the following principles. The stump should fully match the receiving capsule. Then the load should be evenly distributed over all anatomical formations on the surface of the stump. In addition, the projections of the axes of the knee and ankle joints should match completely.
None of the people are able to exist comfortably without the ability to move freely. The human lower leg is an integral component of the musculoskeletal system. The loss of this segment makes a person disabled, deprives the ability to move. The possibilities of medicine in general and prosthetics in particular in this case cannot be overestimated.