In the article we will talk about the tasks of practical work, and also what kind of activity it is, what kind of effectiveness it has when working with children and students. Consider the key ideas of leading teachers who consider practical work an important component of quality training.
The main purpose of training
To date, the requirements of the law are such that the student or student should receive maximum practical knowledge at the exit from the educational institution, which he can easily put into practice. For a long time, a theory that has little applicability in business has not come first. Much more important is how a person knows how to handle information, how he can apply and analyze it. A modern person must be mobile in order to quickly acquire new knowledge, adjust it to the existing picture of the world and choose the most rational ways to solve a particular problem.
Why practice?
The fact is that practical work is an excellent sharpening of skills, which allows you to consolidate all the theoretical knowledge gained. Mobility, which was mentioned above, can be achieved by the fact that the child or student himself copes with a number of tasks, finding a solution, analyzing and drawing conclusions.
A subspecies of the practical lesson is a laboratory lesson. This is such a form of training when students, under the guidance of a teacher, perform certain tasks. Their main goal is to be able to reinforce the theory in practice. For example, practical work in chemistry will consist in the fact that it is necessary to mix certain elements, achieve a chemical reaction, or, conversely, show its absence. That is, everything that children have learned from the textbook, they will see with their own eyes, and the results of this knowledge will be fixed.
What does the concept include?
A practical task involves several types of work. Most often these are laboratory classes, specific exercises and various seminars. A large role is also played by classroom activities that children need to develop mutual work skills.
If practical exercises are carried out systematically, then they allow to consolidate the acquired knowledge. The best schedule is for practice to follow after 2-3 lecture classes. This is the way of education adhered to by higher educational institutions. All this allows you to logically absorb the material and interpret it correctly. But at the same time, if a lecture gives more generalized information, which is rather difficult to assimilate, then practice confirms all this visually, which allows us to understand the very essence of complex information. In addition, students understand that cramming of the material will not help them, but it will be necessary to prove their level of knowledge in practice.
What are the benefits?
So, now it’s completely clear that practical work is a great way to develop the skills of independence and independent work in children and students. But besides this there are some more advantages. Laboratory and practical work allows you to learn to think critically, to draw your own conclusions, without relying on the opinion of the teacher or your colleague. This suggests that the student is trying to think independently of the authorities that surround him. This is a very useful skill that not even all adults possess.
In addition, work of this type allows children to learn how to operate different devices and equipment. This is very important for those who want to connect their professional activities with their chosen field. They will have a clear idea of what awaits them and how the work will be built. The global advantage of practical work is that pupils and students gain new experience that they can use in solving problems in the future and compare results.
Work Content
Practical work in computer science, as in any other discipline, is determined by its content.
And here are some of the goals that this work methodology pursues:
- Observation of processes and their simultaneous study.
- Search for logical connections and interdependencies.
- Finding key characteristics.
- Carrying out calculations and their experimental confirmation.
- Obtaining during the experiments of new substances and materials, as well as their study.
- The study of the key properties of the investigated object or process.
- Establishing properties, characteristics, and dependencies.
Definition and purpose
So, practical work is such a form of training, which involves the direct participation of the student in the study of an object. The goal is to build practical skills among students or students.
So, practical work in chemistry will teach students not to be afraid to work with reagents and chemicals. At the same time, it makes them be careful and accurate. Carefully think about what and with what they mix and what consequences this may have. This is a very valuable skill that is difficult to explain in words and convey to a child.
Methods
Practical work for the 7th grade suggests that the child should be aware of all the responsibility that lies with him in the course of the experiments. To instill in the student these skills, various methods of practical training are used. The most widespread are analysis, business games and situational tasks.
These are methods that involve not only the intellectual abilities of a person, but also make him look at the situation from different points of view, try on different roles and correctly draw logical conclusions.
Structure
Practical work for the 8th grade implies a clear structure, which practical exercises have at any stage of training. But the older the student becomes, the more complex and multidirectional the structure of the lesson becomes. Consider the main elements:
- Scoring the theme and purpose of the lesson.
- The teacher checks the theoretical base, which is necessary for the normal work of students with equipment and for conducting experiments.
- Drawing up the scheme and sequence of actions.
- If necessary, a full briefing on the implementation of the work.
- Safety precautions.
- Informing students about ways to capture new information.
- Conducting an experiment.
- Design, systematization and analysis of the results.
- Lesson summary.
Note that the effectiveness of practical work depends not only on students, but in many ways on the teacher. From how accurately he sets out the goals of the work, how accessible and simple language will explain the meaning of all actions and be able to interest students.
Instruction cards
Practical work in geography, as well as classes in another subject, involves a certain briefing, which is most often presented in the form of a map. It consists of the following elements:
- Theme.
- Goal.
- Equipment and tools.
- Key issues.
- The essence of the work.
- Guidelines.
The value of such cards is that they allow students to work independently, but rely on a specific scheme.
Practical work in the 9th grade implies that the student is already old enough to catch up with the missing material if for some reason he was absent from the lesson. Thanks to such instructions, the student will be able to easily navigate the topic and conduct the necessary experiments, relying on a map of instructions.
Teaching manual
Practical work is the interaction of the student and teacher in such roles that the student shows himself to the maximum. The guidance of the teacher in the implementation of practical work is very important, as it allows the student to orientate, feel responsible and get to work. From the teacher, first of all, a clear and understandable statement of the essence of the work is required, as well as high-quality briefing. All this allows students not to be afraid to act independently, but to understand the meaning of the work and clearly comprehend the sequence of all actions. At the same time, they should feel that in any incomprehensible situation, the teacher will come to the rescue and orient them in a particular difficult issue.
At the same time, the teacher himself must also clearly examine the sequence of actions during practical classes. For example, the practical work of the 10th grade involves many independent experiments that require maximum concentration from the student, since the wrong sequence of actions can lead to unexpected results. That is why the teacher must clearly check the preparedness of students for independent work. He must make sure that they have a sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge base, otherwise the next time students will be afraid of independent work, and efficiency will decrease. It is also necessary to instill a sense of self-control in students so that they understand that the results depend on them and act consciously and consistently.
Personal approach
Practical work is an interaction that takes place on a personal level. When a teacher explains something to the whole class or group, he communicates immediately with everyone, but when he approaches a specific person, a personal contact is established between them. It is very important that the teacher knows how to find a common language with different students and informs everyone from different points of view. It should be borne in mind that each student has his own speed of assimilation and processing of information. This should not anger or annoy the teacher, as he, as a professional, must understand that this is quite normal and everyone has different intellectual abilities. The difficulty lies in the fact that completely different children qualitatively convey the same information.
Rating
Very often, modern students use GDZ. In this case, practical work is performed perfectly, because it is copied from ready-made sources. That is why the teacher should always add some unique element to the practical work, which will be an indicator of whether the person did the work or not. Experienced teachers always know when a job was simply rewritten from somewhere. Often such tasks are brought by students who do not shine with knowledge, nevertheless, their work is ideal.
A professional teacher always implements one or two creative tasks that were invented by him, or does a verification test, which is not in the work itself. This will show the student that he will have to understand the topic, and he can get an exceptionally good grade only if he uses all his knowledge.
Criteria
There are three main evaluation criteria. This is the presence of key indicators, the correctness of the work and accuracy. After evaluating all three criteria, the result is displayed. The most important criterion is the correctness of the work. In other words, a person may not write a notebook very accurately or forget to write one indicator, but if he calculated everything correctly, logically stated his thoughts, then he deserves a good assessment. But in this case you should not give him the highest score so that he understands his shortcomings and knows what to strive for.
Summing up the article, it is worth noting that practical classes are a great way for students to interact with each other and with the teacher. A teacher who skillfully uses this method of work always achieves the set results and takes students to a new level. It is very important to understand that 80% of success depends on the teacher. The way he presents information, how he is able to interest with his material, how he finds personal contact with everyone - all this affects the final result. That is why it is worth paying more attention to the choice of teachers, as well as assessing their skill level.