Russia is a large state on the continent of Eurasia, occupies North Asia and part of Eastern Europe. Geographically ranks first in the world among states. The total population of the country is 146 million people. By form of government - the presidential-parliamentary republic; federal state. The official name of the country is the Russian Federation (RF). The capital is the city of Moscow.
The current president of the state is Vladimir Putin. The official currency is the Russian ruble. The country’s territory is immediately in the zone of 11 time zones. Russia unites dozens of nations, races and cultures. All people are laborers: from artisans to businessmen. Here is such an interesting population in a majestic power. On the territory you can see many monuments and various cultural advantages, which shows the respect of people for their history.
Geographical areas of Russia
The area of the Russian Federation is more than 17 million square meters. km It has the longest coastline among the states of the planet.
Extreme points:
- In the north - metro Chelyuskin (Taimyr Peninsula).
- In the east - Ratmanov Island (Bering Strait).
- In the south - the city of Bazardyuzyu (on the border with Dagestan).
- In the west, the extreme point is located in the Kaliningrad region.
Russia is conditionally divided between two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. This border is set by the Ural Mountains. These two territories are uneven in area: the European part occupies 25% of the area, while the Asian part - 75%. Regions of Russia occupy a large Asian part, which is often called Siberia and the Far East.
If we classify Russia according to landforms, that is, the orographic method, we can distinguish 6 geographical regions of the country.
Western Siberia
It is represented by the West Siberian Lowland, one of the largest plains on the planet. It is located from the Kara Sea to the Kazakh semi-deserts, from Altai and the Urals to the river. Yenisei. The total area of the plain is 2.5 million square meters. km The western region of Russia is characterized by slight differences in elevation. They range from 100-200 m above sea level. On the eastern borders it rises to 300 m. The terrain of this region is rather boggy. Of the entire Siberian region of the country, it is precisely the south of Russia that is quite well lived in, while the rest is absolutely not suitable for life or for economic activity.
Eastern Siberia
Another Siberian region, most of which is occupied by the Central Siberian Plateau. It is located south of the West Siberian Lowland. From the eastern and western outskirts it is surrounded by mountain ranges of the Eastern Sayan, Transbaikalia and Pribaikalye. The average altitude of the region is 600-700 m; ridges and plateaus alternate. The highest plateau is Vilyuyskoe, where heights reach 1,500–1700 m. The highest point is Kamen, with a height of 1,701 m. This region can be described as a place where permafrost is widespread. The dense river system is represented mainly by mountain rivers.
Far East
A relatively small geographical region of Russia, represented by the Pacific coast. It is divided into 3 parts: mainland - directly the coast; peninsular - Kamchatka Peninsula; insular - Kuril Islands. It has a meridional extent, the geographical characteristics of the region depend on it. For example, the northern part of the Far East is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Closer to the south of Russia, snow cover is replaced by permafrost regions, and then by the tundra. Most of the region is represented by mountain ranges and hills. This is part of the seismic belt. Especially the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is considered the most active seismic region. In addition to active volcanoes, underwater volcanoes that cause tsunami waves are common. In the south, taiga dominates with subtropical representatives of the flora. Like some other regions of Russia, this territory is a place of high humidity due to its proximity to the ocean.
Southeast Mountain Region of Russia
The entire southern and part of the eastern border of Russia is surrounded by mountains. In the southeast, they are represented by the Caucasian mountain system, Altai and Sayan, Baikal ranges. The Caucasus Mountains are relatively young. Their formation is not over yet, and they have the property of "growing." The highest points of the ridge within 5,000 m. The highest point in the Caucasus is the city of Elbrus. Some geographical areas of Russia are the most dangerous. Here, landslides, avalanches, earthquakes and mountain collapses can become serious disasters.
Ural
This region includes a river and a mountain system of the same name. The Ural Mountains stretch from south to north, more than 2,000 km, from south to east - a maximum of 150 km. Based on their landforms, the territory is divided into the main regions of Russia: Northern, Southern, Central, Polar and Subpolar. The Ural Mountains greatly affect the climate of the entire state. They serve as a “barrier” and do not let cold oceanic air masses inland, thereby establishing a continental type of climate throughout the territory. For this reason, the climate also varies in the region itself: more precipitation falls in the western part than in the eastern. Large hydrological system - many rivers, more than 6 thousand lakes.
Russian plain
The East European Plain (Russian) is one of the largest on the planet. The regions of Russia are much inferior in length. It got its second name - Russian - due to the fact that for the most part it lies within the borders of the state of the same name. Area - about 4 million square meters. km Within the borders of the country it is located from the Caspian Sea to the Arctic Ocean, from the western borders of the state to the Ural Mountains in the east. Plain, surprisingly, uniform, typical. Average heights do not exceed a height of 200 m above sea level. On the plain there are 6 hills with an indicator of 310-340 m. This site has undergone major anthropogenic changes.
Socio-economic zoning
In terms of socio-economic zoning, 11 regions are identified located in the neighborhood of territorial-administrative units. Separation of regions is distinguished by geographical location, historical past, resource potential and the development of a particular sector of the economy. All 11 regions are divided according to one more feature - they belong to two macro-regions, Western and Eastern. 7 districts are included in the Western macroregion, 4 in the East.
- Northern regions of Russia. One of the most territorially large regions of the European part. Consists of the Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk regions, the Republic of Karelia and Komi. This also includes the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The Northern part of the state includes the Primorsky region of Russia, which is in demand among tourists.
- Central region. Includes the capital and the next 12 regions of the Federation.
- Central Black Earth economic region. Located south of Central, one of the smallest in area, consists of 5 regions.
- Northwest economical area. It consists of 4 regions and a city of federal significance - St. Petersburg.
- East Siberian region. Large economic region of Russia. It includes 3 republics: Buryatia, Khakassia and Tuva, Irkutsk region, Trans-Baikal and Krasnoyarsk Territories.
- Far Eastern region. The largest economic region in Russia. It includes 9 administrative subjects of the Russian Federation.
- North Caucasus region. Although the area is small in area, it includes a large number of administrative entities - 10. These are new republics that are actively fighting for their independence.
- Volga-Vyatka economic region. The region is completely located within the country and has no external borders. It includes: Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvash and Kirov regions, Mordovia and Mari-El.
- Volga economic region. It consists of 8 subjects of the Federation.
- Ural economic region. Includes Perm Territory, 4 regions, 2 republics - Bashkortostan and Udmurtia.
- Enumerating the regions of Russia, the last can be called the most distant subject - the Kaliningrad region.