Due to the fact that the Ministry of Education has moved to a new standard for teaching children in kindergartens, schools, colleges and universities, the teacher immediately had several tasks. One of them is to raise an active, successful and talented student.
Our task is to explain to teachers what personal UUD in elementary school is and how they are formed. But for this it is necessary to understand the structure of universal actions. So, first things first.
What are UUD (universal learning activities)
According to the new educational standard, it is customary to distinguish 4 types of universal educational actions :
- Personal.
- Cognitive.
- Communicative.
- Regulatory.
What is the essence of personal actions
Already by the name, it becomes clear that personal UUD in elementary school should be directed by students to themselves. In other words, personal universal actions are needed so that children can relate their actions and incidents to accepted cultural and ethical principles. In addition, they provide knowledge and mastery of moral standards, as well as the orientation of the child in social roles and relationships in society.
The teacher should understand that personalized UUD according to the GEF will never be formed if the child at the lessons will take 40 minutes to outline a paragraph of the textbook.
Types of actions
If actions are applied to the educational process in the lesson, then today they should be divided into three types:
- Self-determination - thanks to this action, students are looking for their place in the world and society.
- Meaning - students establish a connection between the learning process and motive. In other words, the child in the lesson should ask himself the question: “What is the meaning of this teaching for me?” In addition, he must also find the answer to this question.
- Moral and ethical reference point is necessary so that children can make personal and moral choices based on social values.
Personal Identity Groups
Teachers and methodologists jointly developed 2 groups of personal universal educational actions:
1. Personal UUD are important, because thanks to them, the child’s attitude to social values ​​in society is reflected.
The younger student must:
- To establish communication and belonging not only to one’s people, but also to the state.
- Understand, respect the values ​​and cultures of other nationalities.
- To be interested in the culture of the people and the country in which he was born and lives.
- To be able to distinguish the main moral and ethical norms and concepts.
- Identify actions and actions with moral standards; to feel how he acted - “good” or “bad”.
- Understand and feel the emotional state of others, and with this in mind, build a constructive dialogue with them.
- Analyze situations and events in terms of morality and ethics.
- Explain their actions, show in situations such feelings as goodwill, attentiveness, trust and so on.
2. Personal UUD reflect the attitude of the child to the educational process.
The younger student must:
- Understand the speech of teachers and classmates.
- Strive for the process of cognition, that is, the child should be surprised and interested, show attention and desire to learn as much as possible.
- Evaluate your actions.
- Be able to collaborate with classmates. In other words, to accept the opinion of the opponent during a dispute or discussion, be patient and friendly, show confidence in the participant or interlocutor of the common cause, and also reckon with the point of view of another person.
How personality UUDs are formed in elementary school
It should be noted that this process is lengthy. The teacher needs to be patient. But what needs to be done for this?
Firstly, the teacher’s actions should be meaningful.
Secondly, the teacher, like the child, needs to develop internal motivation in himself, that is, move up.
Thirdly, the task set by the teacher to the student should be clear, but also internally pleasing to the baby, this means that this business will become significant for him.
Fourth, an atmosphere of success should reign in the class.
Fifth, not only the teacher should help the child, but also the neighbor on the desk.
Sixth, the teacher should not skimp on praise and encouragement, because a competent teacher must have an assessment system that children should know.
Seventh, the teacher himself needs to learn how to be a creator, so that every step he makes becomes a discovery for the child.
And now let's look at practical tips for teachers on the formation of personal UUD in the classroom.
Literary reading
The lesson should be work with literary works. And children need to follow the fate of the main characters along the text. In parallel with reading, students should compare the image of the “I” with the heroes of the works they read. But that is not all. Interested readers should identify with the heroes of a fairy tale or story. Children need to actively relate and contrast their positions, views and opinions. The teacher should help identify the moral content and moral value of the actions of the characters. The educational component in the lessons of literary reading should familiarize children with the heroic past of the people and the country in which they live. Such an acquaintance should not be represented by viewing a “dry” presentation. The presentation should be conducted in the lesson so that the children have feelings of experience and pride in the citizens of the country. So the development of universal actions will go smoothly.
For example: when studying the works of Boris Zakhoder, students in the lesson compare the image of the “I” with the heroes of the works, and also identify with them to discuss different opinions and positions.
If in the calendar and thematic planning there is a lesson dedicated to fairy tales, then after studying them, you can give the children a task: to invent a character and compose a fairy tale. At this stage of the lesson, the development of personal UUD occurs. It is to identify the moral value and morality in the actions of the character. As a result of this task, a collage called “Characters of New Tales” can be created. The main task of the teacher is to ensure that in the lesson the students are not afraid at the creative stage not to do things “as expected”, but as they consider necessary in accordance with moral standards.
The world
This lesson is loved by many guys, because they consider it one of the most interesting. It’s hard to argue with that. Personal UUD in elementary school at the lesson of the surrounding world are formed by the formation of a worldview, as well as the life self-determination of a child. In addition, in this lesson, children form the basis of historical memory of the near and distant past. But that is not all. In the lesson of the surrounding world, elementary school students develop competent and nature-like behavior. All this will be translated into reality, thanks to design work, for example: "The life of birds."
A few words about the diagnosis
It has already been established that every year children must undergo a diagnosis of personality UUD. In some schools, future first graders are tested on admission. Doing this is necessary in order to understand how much the child is ready for school, is oriented in social roles, and also how he interacts with others.
Remember that the diagnosis of personality UUD passes both at the beginning of the school year and at the end. Compilations to determine the level of formation of UUD have already been developed for each educational program. It is enough for the teacher to contact the nearest bookstore.
Conclusion
It is worthwhile to understand that types of universal educational actions, in particular personal ones, will be formed more efficiently if the teacher uses the following methods in his work:
- Problematic training.
- Group as well as paired forms of work in the lesson.
- Methods that are directed to the independent activities of students.
- Methods of self-esteem and reflection.
- And others.
You can read more information in the books of A.G. Asmolova, S.P. Baranova, Federal State Educational Standards of primary (general) education, etc.
Good luck in the lessons!