Reality is a term that symbolizes an object, a certain thing that exists or previously existed. As a rule, realities strictly relate to a certain people, its culture and customs. From a scientific point of view, this phenomenon does not have any individual lexical meanings, but in some cases there are specific names of various features in different peoples.
Features of realities
Consider the term in a narrower meaning. Reality is a part of any language, culture and folk characteristics that cannot be translated. These may be winged statements, the meaning of which is clear only to the speakers of the language in which they are composed. Also, realities include solitary untranslatable words that are understandable only to a narrow circle of people. It is noteworthy that within the area of use of one language, various realities can be formed. What is it and how do they sound? In fact, everything is simple. This category includes adverbs, verbal phrases and the so-called "jargon", which is inherent only to a particular group. A vivid example is the United States of America, where each administrative unit has its own language features, incomprehensible to visitors who also speak English.
How realities are born
It has long been established by linguists and philologists that reality is a purely artificial phenomenon, invented by man on purpose. In almost every language of the world, certain words, adverbs, phrases, and expressions that are normally impossible to translate into another language of the world were specially created. A similar technique found its application in science, literature, versification, songwriting, and then gradually migrated to our everyday speech. That is why the difficulties of translation known to all arise. It is noteworthy that it is in the Russian language that there is a huge number of realities that foreigners interpret each in their own way, but none of the options is true.
Unique words found in everyday speech
To make it easier for the reader to understand what we are talking about, we will explain what social realities are. These can be sayings and words that we use daily. They do not have a semantic load according to the explanatory dictionary, and in general they can not be found on these pages. The social realities include abbreviations: registry office, housing office, recreation center, collective farm. It can also be names of things, national dishes, dances and other traditions that are not translated into other languages. These are borsch, sundress, bank notes, etc. Among foreign similar names, we list the famous dances-rites: Spanish Haleo, Italian tarantella, Mexican lambada and salsa. We can find similar phenomena in eastern cultures. What does karate cost, which is practiced by the majority of the world's population, as well as meditation, judo and other martial and spiritual arts.
The past of the peoples of the world
We all came across words and expressions that seem to sound in our native Russian language, but are still incomprehensible to us living in the 21st century. And all because they are long-forgotten realities. Our ancestors used them, but due to a change in language, they were erased from the memory of humanity. Thus, it can be said that historical realities are a popular saying, untranslatable words, strange expressions that carry purely social meaning, often created using archaisms. You can meet them in the diaries and notes of people who lived in distant times, in the original documents, in books and newspapers that were printed then. In the literature that was published in the twentieth century, such a phenomenon is quite rare, even if the works are printed according to the manuscripts of Dostoevsky, Pushkin or Lermontov.
Conclusion
Many scholars say that reality is the equivalent part of the vocabulary that cannot be translated. However, due to the fact that any written sources (whether it is a set of laws or prose) are constantly copied from one language to another, everything needs to be translated. If some reality is lost, the adequacy of the text will be lost in a moment. The translation is extremely complicated, most often it becomes the cause of a small change in the meaning of the source.