The shoulder girdle includes five joints that are combined into two groups. The first includes the shoulder-shoulder joint with two articulating surfaces that are lined with hyaline cartilage. This joint is the most important. The second in this group is the fake joint (physiological), which consists of sliding surfaces on each other. It is connected mechanically with the shoulder joint, receiving movement from the latter.
The second group includes three joints: scapulo-thoracic or scapulo-thoracic, which is not anatomical, but physiological. It is also important in the group, although without the other joints connected mechanically, the joints cannot function. The next is the acromial clavicular joint located at the acromial end of the clavicle. True is also the sternal clavicle located at the sternal end of the clavicle.
In general, the joints included in the shoulder girdle can be grouped according to several signs. The first group will include the main anatomical shoulder joint, as well as the associated fake joint mechanically associated with it. The second group includes the main physiological scapular thoracic joint, which mechanically connects two anatomical associated joints - sternal clavicular and acromial clavicular.
The most important organ entering the shoulder girdle is the shoulder joint. It has a spherical shape and is formed by the head of the humerus and the articular surface of the scapula. The joint has high mobility, providing bending, abduction, adduction, extension, circular movements and rotation of the arm.
The shoulder joint is surrounded by a bag that runs from the neck of the humerus to the very edges of the scapular cavity. The joint capsule is strengthened by the surrounding muscles and ligament, which completely hold the humeral head in the joint cavity. There are no muscles on the front surface of the joint. It is in this place that the dislocation of the head of the bone (humerus) most often occurs and the capsule breaks.
The most common pathologies that affect the shoulder girdle. This is a syndrome of narrowing of the shoulder joint, instability of the head of the bone (shoulder), stiffness of the shoulder, calcareous deposits, damage to the muscle cuff responsible for the rotation of the shoulder, arthrosis.
Shoulder joint: treatment
Recently, the treatment of diseases of the shoulder joint has been very effective. New technologies for endoscopic surgery are used, which do not require opening the joints. The technology of operations has also made significant changes in the development of high-tech tools.
The arthroscopic method is actively used, with the help of which the shoulder joint is treated. Thanks to a thin illuminating arthroscope, the internal areas of the joint are completely examined and shoulder pains are treated, shoulder instability, limited movement, deposits of calcareous conglomerates, ruptures in the cuff (rotary muscle) of various mechanisms are eliminated.
After the intervention (arthroscopic), the pain becomes insignificant. You can start moving and loading the joint much earlier. In addition, the seams are almost invisible. The advantage of the method also lies in the outpatient performance of most operations or the short-term stay of the patient in the hospital. The arthroscopic method for the treatment of shoulder joints requires a highly qualified and experienced physician, as well as the use of appropriate materials and medical equipment.
Shoulder joint treatment is also performed using folk methods, making vinegar compresses, rubbing infusions of hot pepper, burdock root and lilac flowers into the affected area. After the procedure, the shoulder is insulated, tied with a scarf. However, it should be understood that it is impossible to cure serious pathologies in such ways.