The purpose of environmental education is to educate patriotic qualities in the younger generation. This problem is multifaceted. Currently, ecology has become a separate science that helps people to live in harmony with the natural community.
The goals and objectives of environmental education of preschool children are associated with the formation of the child’s desire and ability to comply with the basic laws of ecology.
Focus and relevance
Regardless of the specialization of the teacher, it is currently important to pay attention to environmental development and upbringing of the younger generation. All areas of personality development should be closely linked with the child's education of a serious attitude to the natural world.
Important aspects
In preschool pedagogy, this direction appeared at the end of the twentieth century, and today it goes through the stage of formation. The goal of environmental education of preschoolers is to lay with the younger generation the basic foundations of love for the living world, which will allow the child to develop and survive in the future in harmony with nature.
Destination
Given the new educational standards, the goals and objectives of environmental education of children can be noted:
- the creation and successful implementation of an educational and upbringing model that allows to achieve the effect - manifestations of respect for nature among preschool children;
- creating an atmosphere of importance and significance of environmental problems in the teaching staff;
- the formation of conditions in an educational preschool institution that allow environmental education of preschool children to be implemented;
- constant improvement by teachers of their qualifications, mastering by teachers of new methods of environmental education, raising the level of culture of parents of preschool children;
- conducting regular work with children in the framework of certain methodological technologies;
- diagnostics of the formation of skills for caring for the living world in preschool children;
- drawing up environmental education plans based on the results.
Children of 4-6 years of age have certain age-specific features, which is the basis for the formation of worldviews, gives the teacher great opportunities for environmental education.
Aspects of Activities
The goal of environmental education can be achieved only if the educator is interested in this issue. It is the teacher who is the main figure in the pedagogical process, makes a decisive contribution to the environmental education of the younger generation.
The main aspects of his personality characterize the possibility of forming the basis of a respectful attitude to the biosphere in preschool children:
- awareness of the problem, a sense of civic responsibility for the situation, a desire to contribute to its change;
- pedagogical skills and professionalism, mastery of methods for developing love for the world of animals and plants in young citizens, systematic implementation of technology in practical activities in raising children, creative search for its improvement;
- practical implementation of the humanistic educational model in order to foster environmental culture.
The teacher should create a favorable atmosphere for children in kindergarten, take care of the mental and physical health of children. The use of personality-oriented educational methods, the individualization of work with pupils and their parents is the main goal of environmental education.
The specifics of environmental education in DOE
It is part of the educational process that promotes the development of speech, logical thinking, erudition, and emotionality in preschool children. The use of such methods in a preschool educational institution promotes the moral education of preschoolers, and helps to bring up a harmoniously developed personality.
The purpose of ecological education of children is to master the norms of safe behavior based on the simplest knowledge, the awareness of the importance of caring for the living world.
Concepts of environmental education Fedoseeva
According to the teacher P. G. Fedoseyeva, the goal of environmental education in preschool education is to form a basic ecological culture, to establish on its basis among preschool children an emotional, moral, scientific, cognitive, practical and active attitude to wildlife.
Love for nature, caring for it are formed in a child’s soul only when the baby constantly sees examples of such an attitude on the part of the educator, parents, grandparents.
The specifics of the Nikolaeva technique
The goals of the ecological education of schoolchildren in the author's methodology by S. N. Nikolaeva are defined as the “formation” of a correct and informed attitude to nature in all its multifaceted nature. This concept also includes respect for the historical heritage of the native land, its people as an integral part of nature. The components of ecological culture, according to S. N. Nikolaeva, are not only the possession of theoretical knowledge of nature, but also the ability to apply them in real life.
Among the main tasks that Nikolaev relates to environmental education, several areas can be distinguished. In the scientific and educational field, the author distinguishes:
- the formation in preschool children of the simplest scientific knowledge that is available for their understanding and awareness;
- instilling cognitive interest in the natural world;
- the formation of skills and abilities to conduct observations of phenomena occurring in wildlife.
In the moral and emotional sphere, the author of the method poses the following tasks:
- nurturing a caring, positive, caring attitude to the outside world;
- development of perception of oneself as an integral part of the living world;
- awareness of the value of each object of nature.
The goal of environmental education in the practical-activity aspect involves the formation of primary skills and competencies of competent and safe behavior in the biosphere in preschoolers. Nikolaeva notes that it is necessary from an early age to develop in children the skills of rational use of natural resources in everyday life. In order to form the basis of ecological culture, the author suggests involving preschoolers in activities related to the care of plants and animals.
The purpose of environmental education involves the formation of the child's ability to anticipate the results of his attitude to the environment. This determines the main directions of the work of educators in a preschool educational institution.
Feature of the methodology of eco-development of preschoolers N. A. Ryzhova
According to the author, the ecological culture of preschool children can be described as “a certain level of perception by the child of the surrounding world, nature, assessment of their position in the ecosystem”.
Thanks to the assimilation of ecological, moral rules of behavior in nature by a preschooler, it is possible to establish his correct and safe relations with the nature that surrounds him in his native village, village, city.
That is why it is so important to include the emotional component in the process of educating the ecological culture of preschool children, to select methods and means that effectively affect the motivational and moral spheres of the child's personality.
Content Selection
In order to realize the goals of environmental education for schoolchildren and preschoolers, it is important to select the content of education. In this case, environmental knowledge will become the basis for fostering a culture of respect for wildlife. They will help to form a certain system of values ​​in the younger generation, to create an idea of ​​man as an integral part of nature.
The task of the teacher is to create a sense of responsibility among pupils for their life and health.
Environmental education and self-development of a preschooler
If the teacher uses in his work methods that are based on the emotionality of the child - his ability to be surprised, sympathize, empathize, take care of surrounding people, plants, animals, see the beauty of the landscape, this will allow him to achieve his goal - to educate a harmoniously developed personality.
The teacher focuses on the formation of skills for caring for the living world, developing labor skills, introducing preschool children to plants and animals common in a particular area. Children not only receive theoretical information, but also work out the acquired knowledge in the process of caring for flowers on the site, animals in a living corner.
In working with preschool children, teachers try to pay close attention to conducting experiments and experiments, attracting their pupils to design and research activities in the field of ecology.
For example, children of older preschool age first get acquainted with the birds living in their region, then together with their parents they make feeders and observe birds.
Conclusion
Currently, environmental education of preschool children should not be limited to theoretical studies. Due to age-related characteristics, the curiosity that a teacher should use to select effective methods of educating an ecological culture is characteristic of kids.
This process should be an organized, focused, systematic, consistent, planned algorithm for the formation of a system of skills, beliefs, views, moral qualities, which guarantees the development and establishment of a person's responsible attitude to nature as a universal value.
The main objective of environmental education of modern preschool children is to foster a positive attitude towards their native land and its natural wealth.
This process should be integrated into school education. That is why, after the introduction of new educational standards at all levels of school education, the subject "ecology" appeared.
Integrated forms of work help to avoid overloading children, help teachers to use various methods and forms of work in environmental education of children.