The Volga-Vyatka economic region includes 5 administrative entities. The central one is the Nizhny Novgorod region. On its territory there are various large industrial enterprises. In addition to the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Volga-Vyatka economic region includes the Republic of Mari El, Chuvash and Mordovia, as well as the Kirov region.
Industry volumes
As mentioned above, the Nizhny Novgorod region acts as the production center of the region. It employs machine-tool, auto, diesel, shipbuilding and other industrial enterprises. Along with this, a decrease in the share of the region in the economic sector of the region is noted. This is due to the outstripping industrial development of the republics. So, in Chuvashia, electrical engineering and instrumentation were intensively formed, in Mordovia - rubber, cement, lighting production, in Mari El - radio electronics. The second place in the region in terms of industrial production is held in the Kirov region. The key areas of specialization here are mechanical engineering, including electronic, machine tools. The region has well-developed food, chemical, pulp and paper, woodworking, forestry industries, and factories for the manufacture of household appliances.
Mari El Republic
In this republic, the central place in the economic complex is occupied by industry. The share of engineering is 1/4 of the total production volume. In this industry, the most weighted are knowledge-intensive and complex areas. These include, in particular, electronics, instrumentation. The Republic of Mari El produces more than 60% of all Russian commercial refrigeration equipment. The timber, pulp and paper, and woodworking industries together account for about 13% of the total industrial volume.
Mordovia
This republic is considered industrial-agrarian. Along with industrial sectors, agriculture has become widespread here. A key manufacturing industry is engineering. It accounts for more than half of the total industry. The most developed branches of engineering include lighting, instrumentation, and semiconductor manufacturing. Large production volumes are provided by the food industry.
Chuvashia
Mechanical engineering in the republic occupies more than 1/3 of the total production. In Chuvashia, weaving looms, bulldozers, electric loaders are produced. The largest enterprises include JSC "Promtractor". This is the only plant in the Russian Federation and Europe to produce powerful multi-profile tractors. The technique is used in the gas, coal and gold mining industries. Chemical, food production, light industry are well developed in Chuvashia.
Volga-Vyatka economic region: characteristics
According to the development plan for the coming years, it is planned to actively invest in the industrial nodes of the region. One of them, in particular, successfully works in Mordovia. The Saransko-Ruzayevsky hub was formed in the republic on the basis of instrument-making, lighting and other enterprises. In Chuvashia, the formation of the complex was due to the construction of the Cheboksary hydroelectric station, a chemical plant and a tractor plant. In Mari El, the Volga unit was developed on the basis of various types of engineering and woodworking.
Foreign investment
Despite the significant development of industry in the republics of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, the characteristics of the social sphere leave much to be desired. There is a significant gap between the economic development of large centers and the quality of life of national entities, Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The formation of market structures is not being actively pursued. However, the positive impact of foreign investment and the expansion of the sphere of export and import are noted. The cooperation of Chuvashia with Germany, for example, contributed to the construction of a new factory for the production of seat belts for cars. This company is located in Alatyr. Production is considered today the only one not only in the Russian Federation, but also in all CIS countries. This plant has eliminated the dependence of domestic automakers on foreign suppliers. Foreign investments contributed to the development of the Cheboksary plant for the production of building materials (JSC "SANTEK"). Cooperation with foreign enterprises stimulated the expansion of the economic sphere not only in a separate republic, but throughout the region.
EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region
According to the plan of the western part of the region, it is possible to establish its similarity with the center of the Russian Federation. The climate of the southern part is similar to the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region. The total area is 263 thousand square meters. km The Volga-Vyatka economic region is located in the center of the European part of the country. The region is located in the basins of large rivers. They are the Volga and Vyatka. Hence, in fact, the name of the region. EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region at the intersection of railways that connect the North-West and the Center, the Urals and the Volga region, provides favorable conditions for the active development of the economic sector.
Natural resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region
The climate of the region is temperate continental. A forest is spread throughout the territory. Own natural resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region do not differ in large volumes. In the Kirov region, for example, there are building materials, peat, phosphorites. The territory is covered with forests, which contributes to the active development of the woodworking industry. Water resources of the Volga-Vyatka economic region are of great importance for the development of production and agriculture.
Residents
The Volga-Vyatka economic region is inhabited by about 5.7% of the population. The total number in 2001 was 8.2 million. The demographic situation in 2000 was characterized by a natural decrease (about 8 people / 1000). The decline was especially high in the Nizhny Novgorod region. In addition, there has been a positive migration. In Nizhny Novgorod from 2007 to 2009 due to a decrease in mortality and an increase in the birth rate, the natural population decline decreased by 30%. The density is 32 people / sq. km In the region there is uneven distribution. Most of the people live in Chuvashia and the Nizhny Novgorod region. In the Kirov region population density is minimal. About 70% of citizens live in cities. Kirov and Nizhny Novgorod regions are characterized by the highest level of urbanization (about 71%). In the rest of the territory, its indicator reaches 60%.
Features of employment
Considering the geographical location of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, it is necessary to note the specifics of resettlement depending on the development of a particular economic sphere. So, the rural population mainly lives in Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia. It forms a reserve for the urbanization process taking place in the region, ensuring the redistribution of employment in industry and other branches of material and intangible production concentrated in cities.
Specialization Industries
Key sectors of the economy are formed due to the advantageous EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region. The main areas of specialization include engineering, forestry and chemical industry. Of key importance is automobile and shipbuilding. Non-metal-consuming mechanical engineering (electrical engineering) and machine-tool industry make a big contribution to the development of the region's economy. In addition to the convenient position occupied by the Volga-Vyatka economic region, the characteristic of the development of the region is composed of the historically formed industrial base of Nizhny Novgorod. In particular, the Sormovsky plant was considered one of the largest in the country before the revolution. Undoubtedly, this is the result of the influence of significant labor reserves, large reserves of water and forest. At the same time, the EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region does not allow the formation of a sufficient raw material and energy base. The production volume and product range are significantly inferior to the indicators of the Central region. The Volga-Vyatka economic region, in short, focuses on imported fuel and raw materials from the Volga region, Western Siberia and the Urals.
Engineering
It is represented by shipbuilding and automotive enterprises, factories for the production of radio engineering products, tools, instruments, equipment for the woodworking and chemical industries. Half of the regionβs able-bodied population is employed in engineering. The car factory in Nizhny Novgorod interacts with related enterprises and has branches in Pavlov and Saransk. Machine-building plants in Cheboksary and Kirov were created. They produce heavy tractors, tractors, all-terrain vehicles, bulldozers. Saransk enterprises produce electric, quartz, arc, mercury lamps. Nizhny Novgorod Krasnoye Sormovo Plant previously produced river icebreakers, hydrofoils. Since the Volga-Vyatka economic region of Russia is not rich in its own raw materials, engineering is serviced to a greater extent by the supply of materials from the Urals.
Chemical industry
EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region of Russia allows you to actively develop this industrial sphere in the region. Chemical production is considered one of the key sectors of the economy. The main production center is Dzerzhinsk. Nitrogen fertilizers, plastics, synthetic resins, sulfuric acid and other products are produced here. A large refinery is located in Kstovo. A pipeline from Almetyevsk has been brought to the city.
Woodworking industry
A successful EGP of the Volga-Vyatka economic region is formed due to the presence of huge forest tracts. Enterprises engaged in the woodworking industry produce lumber, furniture, and matches. Pulp and paper mills operate on the Volga. The largest of them is the company in Balakhna. PPMs also operate in Volzhsk and Pravdinsk.
Agribusiness
The agro-industrial complex is represented by agriculture and livestock. Agricultural production is considered diversified, but it is only able to partially meet the needs of the region. The key role belongs to livestock. For breeding livestock, natural pastures and meadows along river valleys are used. Cattle, pigs, and sheep are raised here. Agriculture is also well developed in the region. In the Volga-Vyatka region, potatoes, cereals and industrial crops are grown.
Fuel and energy complex
The fuel and energy complex uses its own resources - water and peat. There are two hydroelectric power stations in the region - Cheboksary and Nizhny Novgorod. However, gas and oil are of key importance to the region. They enter the territory from Western Siberia and the Volga region. Coal resources are also important. They are supplied by the Kuznetsk and Pechora pools. Most of the electricity is generated at the CHP. The largest stations are located in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Balakhna.
Transport
This is not to say that the region has a dense network. However, the most important automobile and railway lines pass through the district. They connect the eastern and western parts of the country. A major transport artery of the region is p. Volga. Passenger and cargo shipping are developed here.