Consolidated, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs in Russian

An adverb is an independent part of speech that does not change its form. Concretizes the attribute of an object, another attribute or action.

Spelling is a difficult topic to master, and not everyone can easily. In this article we will learn the rules that interpret the continuous, hyphen and separate spelling of adverbs. We will deal with the theory, get acquainted with examples and perform exercises that will help consolidate the material.

Continuous, Separate, and Hyphenate Spelling Adverbs: Rule

A small number of adverbs does not cause difficulties in writing. Many of them are formed by moving from one part of speech to another. Some of the substantiated adverbs retain their appearance during the transition. However, most cause controversy among scholars about their correct spelling.

If simple dialects, for example, scary or cloudy, do not raise questions about how to write them correctly, then our words, towards us , can cause difficulties.

Combined, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs is governed by the rules of the modern Russian language and depends on the way they are formed. In order not to be mistaken, consider the theory and work it out with the help of exercises. Let's start with the paragraphs that talk about the continuous and hyphen spelling of adverbs.

What adverbs are written in one word?

It’s not so difficult to master the rules of continuous writing of adverbs due to the fact that there are few such cases. Consider each of them:

1. An adverb is written in one word if it is formed by attaching the preposition to the base (that is, by prefixing). For example: for free - for nothing, hardly - hardly, through and through.

The writing of such adverbs should not be confused with the composition of the preposition and the unchanging part of speech: with a bang, no, maybe.

2. Without division, words are written that occurred by joining the prepositions in, on to collective numerals. Consider the examples: three, five, four, four, in two.

3. Adverbs formed by combining the preposition and the adjective in short or full form are also written together. Let's get acquainted with examples: in full, dry, in vain, manually, in vain . Adverbs that we create using the preposition and pronoun: draw, with might and main, therefore, why.

It must be remembered that in cases where after the preposition there is a vowel letter, the spelling will be separate, as here: in the open.

Adverbs formed from a noun with a preposition

The rules for writing adverbs formed by combining a noun and a preposition are quite voluminous. In order to better understand them, we print in a separate paragraph.

Adverbs formed by combining a noun and a preposition are written together. For example, take the words: involuntarily, forward, stand up, squatting .

All words that fit this rule can be divided into several groups:

1. Adverbs based on nouns not included in the active supply of modern Russian. This group includes: from the inside out, in the afternoon, in the afternoon, in defiance, awake, out of place, secretly, half-starving, familiarity.
2. Words of circumstantial significance, if between the preposition and the base it is impossible to insert a question word or insert a definitive adjective, pronoun, adverb. Consider the examples: right through, showing off, too, a draw, a tooth, half, wide open, right up and down.
3. Words that specify a place or time. The rule works if the adverb includes nouns: top, bottom, rear, beginning, century, distance, height. Let's get acquainted with examples: up, up, from afar, forever, down.

Difficulties in writing adverbs derived from nouns with a preposition

The rules for writing adverbs derived from a duet of a noun and a preposition include a number of difficult points. Not every pair of preposition and noun, which has a circumstantial meaning, is written together.

Two-word spelling works in the following cases:

1. Between the combination of the preposition and the noun, you can add an independent word with a defining meaning: on the go (at full speed).
2. In those cases where we see a consonant at the end of the preposition, and a vowel at the beginning of the base, the spelling is separate. Consider the examples: downhill, in retaliation, point blank, in an armful.
3. If a noun with a special meaning in combination with a certain preposition retains a case form, the spelling will be separate. Examples: on all fours, on the heels, with a mockery, under the cover.
4. A number of nouns with a preposition that have a meaning similar to adverbs are written separately. This paragraph refers to spelling words with prepositions without, before, on, p. Let's get acquainted with examples: to death, in appearance, with a run, to no avail, by eye, with a sweep.
5. The combination of the prepositional form of the noun and the negatives are neither written separately: not by force, not by taste, nor penniless.
6. Nouns with prepositions in and on in the prepositional case are also written separately. For example: the other day, in hearts, on lynxes.

The basic principle of fused writing

All cases of spelling adverbs in one word can be reduced to one rule. We write together if two conditions are met:

• The adverb arose from the basis of the independent part of speech through the addition of a preposition, that is, in a prefixal way.

• A definitive word cannot be inserted between the preposition and the base to which it is added.

When a hyphen is needed

The spelling of adverbs is semi-integral in this paragraph.

• In the word form, descended from a noun or pronoun, at the end of which we see: -th, -th , -ki , -y , and in place of the prefix -, put a hyphen. Let's look at examples: in French, in a royal way, in black, in a feline way, in my opinion. A hyphen in such cases always follows a prefix.
• Adverbs derived from numerals of ordinal rank with the participation of the prefixes -to, -to be written semislite. Let's get acquainted with several examples: secondly, fifthly. If an adverb is formed from a composite numeral, then all parts are connected to each other by a hyphen (thirty-seventh, ninety-ninth).
• If the constituent part of an adverb is particles — then, or, somehow, ––, so, we write through a hyphen. Let's remember examples: somehow, somehow, all the same, somewhere.
• If an adverb is formed by repeating one word or base several times. The repetition of synonymous adverbs belongs to the same category. For example: sad-sad, unexpected-unexpected, stuffy-stuffy, apparently-invisible.

Under what conditions are adverbs written separately?

Separate spelling of adverbs can be reduced to several rules:

1. If an adverbial expression is formed by repeating two nouns, but there is a pretext between them, we write in three words. For example: word for word, side by side.
2. An adverbial phrase, formed by repeating the same word, but in the form of different cases (nominative and genitive), is written separately. Similar expressions are used for greater expressiveness. Example: past, honor, honor, deed.
3. In two words are written adverbial expressions consisting of a noun and prepositions without, in, to, on, from, by, under, p. Let's get acquainted with examples: on the go, to the dump, with a run, without restraint, to death.
4. Separate spelling of adverbs is found in combinations consisting of a preposition and an unchanging part of speech. For example: no, with a bang, with arap.
5. Adverbial combinations, including a noun and a preposition, are written separately, provided that the signs of one of the case forms are preserved. Example: in good conscience - in good conscience, in mockery - with mockery.
6. Separately written adverbial expression, including the preposition in and a noun or adjective, the basis of which begins with a vowel. Consider the examples: in girth, point blank, in exchange.
7. Some expressions with a circumstantial meaning, consisting of an adjective and a preposition on, are written in two words: fast, back and world.

Pin exercises

Exercises for continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of adverbs will help to work out the material that we discussed in the previous paragraphs, consolidate it and not make mistakes in the future.

We will start with simple tasks and gradually move on to more complex ones to organize knowledge.

1. Break down the words and phrases below into three groups with the names “merged”, “hyphen” and “separate” spelling of adverbs. Explain why they are written in a specific way. Try to remember them.

The words and phrases that need to be distributed: indiscriminately, in the end, dog-like, in an armful, in pursuit, in your opinion, alive, from the outside, on the spot, all-round, straightforward, awake, to the dump, crosswise, dark dark, scattered.

2. Choose an option where 1 continuous, separate and hyphen spelling of adverbs is found: a) s_rodni, v_obmen, some_to; b) not_simple, too much, sub_mountain; c) all the same, sometimes, right.

• The correct answer is located under the letter "a": akin, in exchange, some.

We looked at examples of assignments where a continuous, separate, and hyphen spelling is found. Exercises helped us remember the spelling of some words.

We write adverbs together

The best way to remember the spelling of adverbs is to help exercises in which you want to indicate the correct spelling of words. Let's look at a few examples to work out theoretical material.

1. Rewrite phrases, open brackets. Tell us what rules you relied on in your assignment.

Misunderstanding often arises (from) that people do not want to listen to each other. The store was (behind) that turn. (From) why aren't you so funny, friend? (B) in the distance a blue motor ship was visible. (On) a face fell a snowflake. He looked at me (is) meadows. The boy (po) wasted his time playing computer games.

Words with brackets are written as follows: because (adverb), behind that turn (preposition + pronoun), why (adverb), away (adverb), on the face (preposition + noun), from the ground (adverb), in vain (adverb).

2. Expand the brackets in the phrases. Explain the spelling.

Flew away (for) long, looked (for) much older, split (by) two, gathered (for) soon.

The correct spelling of words looks like this: for a long time, much, in two, hastily.

Adverbs with a hyphen: exercises for practicing

1. Expand the brackets, explain your choice of the correct spelling.

(A long time ago) a terrible event happened in a small kingdom. They walked (long) for a long time through forests and swamps. She (still) was waiting for her brother to return from wandering. (First) she had a terribly grumpy character.

The correct spelling of words: a long, long, long, long time, still, firstly.

2. Rewrite the sentences below with parentheses.

It was (winter) cold. She looked childishly at me, smiling broadly. Have you seen such an amazing building anywhere? She waited for him for an hour, and he still came. Little (little by little) what happened on that fateful evening was forgotten.

The correct answers are: in the winter, in a childish way, somewhere, nevertheless, little by little.

We write adverbs separately: tasks

1. Determine in which sentences the words should be written separately, explain why.

( In) on this subject Masha always had exceptionally good grades. On the street it was cloudy and rainy, (from) that she was sad. (From) that house to the store was half an hour's journey. (For) what should I do with this thankless job? What (behind) the kitten hid?

Correct spelling: therefore (preposition and pronoun), therefore (adverb), from (preposition and pronoun), why (adverb), for which (preposition and pronoun).

2. Rewrite the exercise with brackets.

Hearing any funny joke, he began to laugh (until) drop. People often buy equipment (in) installments. All newspapers wrote that the boy went for a walk in the park and disappeared (without) news. The builders have worked (for) fame. His sudden question put me at a standstill.

Answer: until you drop, by installments, without a trace, to fame, to a standstill.

Summarize

You got acquainted with the rules explaining the continuous, hyphen and separate spelling of adverbs. Examples of exercises and words helped to work out and consolidate the material. Now, having seen an adverb difficult to write in the text, you can easily and accurately deal with it.