The measles vaccine protects against a dangerous infectious disease. The vaccination schedule is approved in each country, it is oriented according to the characteristics of the population, place of residence of citizens. Measles is transmitted by airborne droplets and can cause dangerous complications, so vaccination must be given to all children who do not have medical abstractions.
And you should also give this type of vaccination to adults who, for one reason or another, have not received this protection in childhood.
What is measles?
With the invention of vaccines, mankind has been able to avoid many of the epidemics that raged before. Outbreaks and the spread of various infectious diseases have killed hundreds of thousands of people. It was difficult to find a family in which children from pertussis, measles, diphtheria, etc., would not have died at an early age. Entire settlements were almost extinct due to the spread of dangerous diseases.
Measles used to cause large-scale epidemics. This disease is transmitted through air and saliva, so the risk of contracting is very high. Measles causes a peculiar symptomatology, which before the rash appears is not so easy to distinguish from a common cold or flu:
- temperature increase up to 40 about ;
- chills;
- signs of acute respiratory infections;
- profuse rash.
This disease can cause serious complications:
- pneumonia
- meningitis;
- sepsis;
- cramps.
People with weakened immunity or suffering from chronic diseases from such consequences may die. And also at risk are small children whose protective mechanisms of the body are only developing. Teenagers are very difficult to tolerate the disease due to hormonal changes in the body.
Therefore, only timely vaccination can prevent children from such a danger, which should not be refused by reading an article by some so-called specialist who simply advertises on such topics.
Mumps and rubella
These types of diseases are also infectious and spread by airborne droplets. Mumps and rubella are somewhat easier than measles, but can cause serious consequences.
So, mumps is very dangerous for boys. The disease causes a violation in the reproductive system of children, which in the future can lead to infertility. And this kind of it is not treated medically. The guy in the future may be left without heirs.
Rubella is very dangerous for pregnant women. If a woman becomes ill with her in the first trimesters, then the risk of pathologies in development and malformations in the baby increases several times. Most often, a woman in this case is invited to have an abortion or artificial birth.
People suffering from immunodeficiency conditions can very difficult to tolerate such diseases and end up in hospital, or even in intensive care.
Measles vaccine: instructions for use
Through vaccination, a weakened virus is introduced into the body. After defeating him, lasting immunity is developed. The vaccine contains about 1000 units of tissue doses of measles virus. If a person does not suffer from serious diseases, then the body will easily sort it out and develop immunity.
Live measles vaccine is produced in Russia. After this vaccination, the body will be protected from only one type of disease - measles. Such a vaccine is grown on quail embryos, therefore, people suffering from allergies to chicken protein, it is better to use this drug.
Measles vaccine is administered under the shoulder blade or shoulder. A single dose is 0.5 ml for all. Children should be vaccinated according to the schedule and all contact persons (who had not previously received protection in the form of vaccinations) for measles within three days from the onset of the first signs of illness.
Mumps-measles vaccine
To get protection from several dangerous diseases at once, you can get a two-component vaccination. In this case, immunity against measles and mumps is produced.
This vaccine is also produced in Russia and is administered according to a standard schedule. Doctors should carefully study the history of the child, because it is made on chicken embryos and includes the antibiotic gentamicin. These components can cause severe allergic reactions. You need to familiarize yourself with the instructions for the measles-mumps vaccine.
This vaccine is available in dry form, so before administration it must be diluted with a special solvent according to the instructions. Usually diluted with 0.5 ml per 1 dose.
After 3-5 minutes, the mixture should take the form of a homogeneous liquid of a pale pink color. A vaccine is administered under the shoulder blade or shoulder. After dilution, the liquid cannot be stored and should be immediately used or disposed of.
Priorix
This type of vaccine contains particles of viruses from three diseases:
With one vaccine, you can protect the body from three dangerous diseases at once. This vaccine is made in Belgium. CPC is administered according to the standard schedule in the shoulder or hip at a dose of 0.5 ml.
It must be remembered that women after vaccination for a month should be protected from pregnancy. Otherwise, the fetus may experience disturbances during the formation of organs in the first stage.
When is vaccination given?
According to the standard schedule, vaccinations are done twice. At the age of 12 months, the first administration of measles vaccine is made. Repeated is performed for children at 6 years old.
If the schedule for one reason or another is broken, then vaccination is carried out at any age with a minimum interval between administrations of 6 months. Before the procedure, an examination by a pediatrician or therapist must be performed.
All people at risk who have not received the vaccine before are also vaccinated with measles vaccine during the epidemic. Such manipulations can also be performed for patients who have lost their medical records and do not know if they received the appropriate doses in childhood.
According to BO3, immunity is developed within 4-7 weeks. During this period, the body is somewhat weakened and prone to various viruses. There is one feature of vaccines - in 5% of cases, immunity may not develop fully or partially, so it is imperative to re-vaccinate on schedule.
Contraindications
Any such manipulations should be carried out only after examination by a therapist. You can not enter measles culture live vaccine during acute respiratory viral infections or exacerbation of a chronic disease.
A vaccine, like any other drug, has a number of contraindications:
- serious allergic reactions in the history of the components;
- the presence of immunodeficiency;
- leukemia and other oncological diseases;
- pregnancy;
- severe complications after the first injection.
Diseases such as cerebral palsy, asthma, dermatitis and other chronic manifestations during remission are not a contraindication to vaccination.
It is necessary to abstain temporarily from vaccination after suffering serious illnesses or injuries until the body is completely restored.
Side effects
The instructions for live measles vaccine indicate that most often it is well tolerated. In rare cases, minor side effects may occur:
- temperature increase up to 38 about ;
- fast-passing rash;
- otitis media;
- upper respiratory tract infections;
- increased irritability;
- continuous crying (rarely);
- pain and swelling in the area of administration.
Such reactions do not require treatment and pass independently after a while. It is possible to use drugs from the temperature, which also have an analgesic effect in the first few days as directed by the doctor.
Sometimes from the 7th to the 21st day, the child may develop a minor rash. Such a reaction is not dangerous for the baby, but requires the supervision of a pediatrician. The use of ointments is not welcome. The exception can only be severe itching in these places. Then the pediatrician prescribes antihistamines and ointments.
In the first few days after vaccination, it is advisable to avoid crowded places so as not to become infected with acute respiratory infections. During this period, the body will be somewhat weakened and susceptible to various diseases.
A vaccinated person cannot be a carrier of measles, mumps, rubella, so it will not bring danger to others.
Reviews of these vaccinations
You can find many comments on the use of measles vaccine. Most children tolerate it without complications and side effects. But there are episodes when a child complains of pain at the injection site several days after its administration.
In this case, pediatricians recommend giving the child a ibuprofen-based drug. Many mothers also advise to add a cabbage leaf for several hours to a painful place.
There are reviews where in children there is a reaction to measles vaccine in the form of fever. In some guys, it is growing rapidly to indicators of 38-39 about . In this case, the use of antipyretic drugs permitted in pediatrics is justified.
Some mothers write that young children in the first few days after vaccination are rather capricious and they experience sharp changes in mood. In this case, you need to be patient and just wait out this period.
Sometimes there are reviews in which it is indicated that the rash appears in the guys, but it independently passes through a short period of time. All these reactions are described in the instructions for use of vaccines and are an indicator of the norm.