There are not so many rules governing the spelling of roots in the Russian language course. An unstressed vowel in the root morpheme is checked in some cases by stress, in others - such a check is not possible, and the spelling of a word is memorized.
For words that contain alternating vowels in the root, it will not work to apply any of the algorithms for action.
Scientists explain the appearance of words with alternation (both vowels and consonants) with a number of changes that took place in the language of the ancient Slavs long before writing appeared.
The complexity of this spelling is that, in addition to remembering a long list of the roots themselves and the conditions for choosing a vowel, you need to be able to distinguish between alternating words in the root from words similar to them. In order to avoid mistakes in applying the set of rules for alternating vowels in the root of the word, it is worth learning the roots without interruption from their semantics (i.e. meanings).
Roots with alternating -mer- and -mir- have the meaning of "immobility", and homonymous "beginnings" in the words "peace", "put up" and "fitting room" are checked by stress.
Since the task on the rule "alternating vowels in the root" is included in the final certification work in the Russian language, then the topic is worth understanding. At least in order to successfully pass this exam.
So, the roots with alternation can be divided into four groups. In each of them, the conditions for choosing a vowel are different.
In the first group, the choice depends on the last letter:
- -rast (u) / roS- (vegetation, grown, growing up);
- -skaK / skoch- (jumps, jump in);
- -laG / loJ- (excl .: canopy).
In the second group, it is worth paying attention to stress.
In an unstressed position, select O in the following roots:
- -gar / mountains- (excl .: burnout, cesspools);
- clan / clone;
- creature / creature (excl .: utensils).
And, conversely, without stress, select A in the roots:
- -zar - / - zor- (excl .: yawn and zoryanka);
- -plav - / - pilaf- (excl .: quicksand, swimmer and swimmer).
Alternating vowels in the root of the third group are dependent on the lexical meaning:
The root -mak is contained in words with the meaning of immersion in liquids, and the root with O is “get wet”.
For example: dipping bread in milk, wet boots.
- -even - / - equal - (excl .: plain, peer, level)
The root - equals - have words with the meaning "equal" or "equal", and - equal - "smooth" or "even."
For example: unsolvable equation, smooth trajectory.
In the fourth, most voluminous group of roots, to which the rule "alternating vowels at the root of the word" applies , the spelling depends on the subsequent suffix -A-. If we see this suffix in a word, then we write in the root of AND:
- -ber / bir- (take, climb);
- -per / feast- (unlock, unlock);
- -der / deer- (fights, lifts up);
- -ter / shooting gallery- (rub, rub).
Examples: He chose for a long time whether to lock the door at night or not to lock.
Frightened that they would tear out a tooth, Vasya was fleeing from doctors.
To wipe the dust in the room or not to wipe?
- -lig / jig- (light, kindle);
- -stel / steel- (spreads, spreads);
- -even / cheat- (deduction, subtract);
- -kos / kas- (touches, touches).
For example: I expected that as soon as the flame from the lighter touches the spread newspaper, the fire will reignite.
- -mer - / - world-;
- -shine - / - blister-.
Frozen with admiration, we looked at the brilliant play of the actors .
As we see, the “alternating vowels at the root” rule is not very complicated. Having learned the root groups and the conditions for choosing vowels in them, each graduate will increase their chances of passing the final exam in Russian for a
high score.