Updating knowledge is an important step in any lesson. This process deserves a separate consideration, since the final learning outcome depends on it.
Definition
Updating students' knowledge is a process that involves deliberate and arbitrary mental actions aimed at extracting experience and skills from the memory of students, revealing the ability to use them.
For example, you can test the practical skills of high school students by conducting small experiments in chemistry lessons for this.
The stage of actualization of knowledge involves the extraction of feelings, desires, thoughts from short-term or long-term memory.
Depending on the specifics of the academic discipline, such a check may be incomplete, difficult, easy, selective.
Lesson Stages
Updating knowledge and skills is part of a modern lesson in the framework of the second-generation federal state standards. The main didactic task that the teacher pursues when planning a lesson is to systematize the knowledge, skills and abilities that students have on the subject of the lesson.
The actualization of knowledge is the stage of the lesson, which is necessary so that the teacher can proceed to explain the new material.
Stage Content
How to achieve the desired result? The stage of updating knowledge is aimed at organizing the actions of students related to the topic of the lesson. The teacher, conducting a variety of surveys, reveals the level of training. To do this, he uses an oral and frontal survey, work with a textbook, thematic dictations.
The duration of such a survey is 5-7 minutes, and the number of tasks is supposed to be in the range of 5-10 pieces.
Further, on the basis of the information received, the teacher develops an educational trajectory for his students, when moving along which they will be able to acquire new skills and abilities.
Actualization of knowledge allows the teacher to identify the main gaps in knowledge, to find options for filling them before the new material is studied.
Main actions
The stages of the lesson, updating knowledge in particular, involve the following actions:
- setting a task for schoolchildren, which can be dealt with only if there is knowledge on this topic;
- a story (conversation) of the teacher about the practical and theoretical significance of the material that is planned for consideration;
- historical background on the subject.
What is the need for updating knowledge? Its purpose is to create a problematic situation, when searching for a way to solve it, students smoothly move on to a new topic.
GEF involves bringing students to an independent formulation of the topic, identifying the purpose of the lesson. This is fully facilitated by the preliminary updating of knowledge, which is an integral part of the lessons of a problem-developing type.
After the main task is identified, you can proceed to the preparation of a plan for future activities. The teacher is the coordinator of the work, but the main burden falls on the students themselves.
Some educators are convinced that updating knowledge is a survey. Psychologists note that these are different concepts. Actualization involves the concentration of children's attention, awareness of the importance of the upcoming work by a schoolchild, and an incitement to active work.
Options for
How can you achieve the desired result? There are various ways of updating knowledge:
- conduct terminological verification dictation;
- use a brief frontal, written, oral, as well as an individual survey on the topic, the purpose of which will be to intensify the mental activity of students;
- apply supporting abstracts of Shatalov;
- re-clarify the material.
The moments listed above make up a single methodological structure.
What are the main tasks of the stage of updating knowledge? It is supposed to generalize the facts, establish the connection of old knowledge with new data.
In the process of such an activity, a problematic situation is formulated, techniques and means are used to prepare the children for independent activity.
At the second stage, the formation of new terms and algorithm of actions.
Before explaining the new material, internal and interdisciplinary relationships can be identified. This is precisely the purpose of updating knowledge in the lesson. To achieve it, the following methods are used: analysis, posing questions, isolating, putting forward hypotheses.
As the work progresses, many of the constituent components of the academic work develop : planning, algorithm of actions, analysis options.
The purpose of the stage of updating knowledge in the lesson in each academic discipline is set individually, but its general purpose has similarities.
An occupation of this type has real opportunities for the upbringing and development of the younger generation, taking into account the GEF. Note that the teacher does not fully implement the educational task, since he does not guarantee the formation of strong and deep knowledge, but creates excellent prerequisites for the subsequent links in the learning process.
Pedagogical techniques
All stages of the lesson, updating knowledge in particular, involve the use of various techniques, for example, problem-based teaching methods. Its specificity consists in the maximum involvement of all participants in the educational process, filling the lesson with vivid examples and facts, the use of educational and visual aids, as well as modern information technologies.
The task of updating knowledge includes a certain version of independent work: productive, reproductive, partially search.
In addition, it is assumed the selection of the form of training: frontal, group, individual. The teacher selects some basic concepts for updating, develops forms of control.
The stage of updating the supporting knowledge allows you to save time on explaining new material, to bring the theory as close as possible to real practice.
Lesson structure
Any lesson contains several basic structural elements:
- topic;
- checking homework;
- knowledge control;
- updating skills and abilities;
- motivation to acquire new knowledge;
- generalization and repetition of material;
- homework.
What is the purpose of updating knowledge? The goal of the stage is to motivate the independent activity of schoolchildren.
Professionals who own teaching methods try to include elements of problematicness in the lesson. Of course, this does not mean that every lesson should have all the elements. GEF involves the selection of those components of the lesson that are optimal in each specific situation.
When is knowledge updating appropriate? Its purpose is to analyze skills and abilities, therefore, such an activity is appropriate at various stages of the training session.
The guarantee of the teacher’s high work efficiency is considered not only his constant work, but also the use of non-traditional forms of lessons, thought-out extracurricular activities.
Extracurricular Activity Scenario
We bring to your attention a version of the lesson related to the formation of successful communication skills.
The purpose of this event is to enhance communication skills, teamwork, social mobility.
The educational aspect of the lesson is the formation of a sense of responsibility, companionship between team members.
The developing aspect is the development of developing communicative and general intellectual skills.
The children gain the skills of analysis, argumentation of their response, reflection and correction of actions.
Schoolchildren close their eyes and imagine the following situation. You get a huge inheritance, you can fulfill any desire. But there is one caveat - you can only live on a desert island.
It is warm all year round, there are many green plants and shrubs, but there are no friends or girlfriends. Introduced yourself on such an island? Think about whether it will be interesting for you alone to live on the island? Would you like to stay on it? Those guys who are not ready to exist alone open their eyes. Why did you decide to return, because you have so much money?
Answers of schoolchildren: "There are no friends, girlfriends, no one to play with, talk to."
Of course, one person is very bad. We will devote our lesson to the art of communication.
In Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary, the word “communicate” means to maintain mutual relations. Vygodsky believed that it was thanks to other people that a person knew himself.
But do modern teens communicate? Are there any terms for successful communication? Together we will try to find answers to these questions.
Teacher: "I will tell you one story in which there is so much truth."
Story
"In one small town there was a white mouse. He loved his parents, brothers and sisters. The mouse had a big and kind heart. When the mouse began to study at school, he began to make new friends. He believed all their words, believed that they the same as he: kind and honest. The mouse seemed to live in some other world. He wanted to give sincere advice to everyone. But evil mice began to appear around him, who envied the successes of the little mouse.
Gray mice did not know anything, did not know how, did not want to learn. And the kid wanted and acquired new knowledge. Gray mice tried by any means to harm him, they told various nasty things about him. The kid often cried in his mink.
But fortunately, close friends were always with him. No matter how the gray mice tried, they never managed to change the white mouse. He kept a good heart, continued to believe in love and friendship. Of course, this is only a fairy tale. The mouse passed all the tests with honor. But can a person always cope with such problems? "
Answers of students : "No, not always."
Teacher : "And you want to communicate with the person who speaks badly of you?"
Answers of students : "No."
Any harsh word thrown in the heat of anger hurts a friend, it will push him away. But there are good words.
The game "Compliment the mouse"
The task . The guys pass the teddy mouse, telling him compliments.
Teacher : "Guys, the kid liked your kind words, and now try to speak them to each other."
Game "Heart"
Turning to his neighbor, the child passes him a toy heart, pronounces kind words.
So, the first component of the formula for success in communication will be kind words.
The game "T-shirt for comrades"
Each student is offered a piece of paper and a ballpoint pen.
It is necessary to make an imaginary inscription on a T-shirt, telling other people about yourself. On the back of the sheet, the guys write the qualities that they would like to hide from friends. Show your neighbor the “front” part of the “T-shirt,” where good words about yourself are written. Do you want to show him the other side? How easy is it to recognize flaws? We see them so quickly in other people, but we don’t see in ourselves.
The second component of success is the ability to see problems in oneself, and not in one's interlocutor.
The game "Do you believe us?"
The guys form a circle, then stretch out their hands, hold them tight. One schoolboy gets up in the middle, closes his eyes, sways in different directions. The teacher asks the daredevil, was he afraid?
The third component of successful communication is sincerity. Only trust leads to real mutual understanding and full communication.
The game "Competitors?"
The guys are paired, sit opposite each other. They act as competitors, have a pen, as well as a sheet of paper. Each is offered a red card. If one of them agrees with the opinion of the second, you need to show your partner a red card.
Suppose everyone has 3 million rubles. You can add to them, remove the amount during the game. For example, a deal was proposed by a dubious firm. She can bring you 5 million. If one participant agrees to a contract, 5 million appears in his piggy bank, and the second player loses them. If no one is ready for a dubious deal, everyone can count on 3 million.
The one who tried to defend personal interests turned out to be bankrupt. Distrust, inability to understand, listen to friends, always leads to failure and deception.
The fourth component of successful communication is the ability to hear the interlocutor.
Here they are - the four components that lead to mutual understanding, are the real components of friendship.
Such an event is the best guarantee of enhancing communication skills, putting theoretical information into practice.
The importance of classroom plans
Any Russian teacher, regardless of work experience, professional field, is engaged in the development of curricula. It includes not only goals, objectives, activity algorithm, homework, teaching kit. Among the components of the created plan, one can consider the updating of skills, abilities, and knowledge.
For example, practical skills are important for the natural sciences, therefore, in the curriculum in chemistry, physics, biology, geography, a certain amount of hours is devoted to the formation of such UEs.
For each individual lesson or activity, indicate in the planning:
- organizational stage;
- motivation to study new theoretical material;
- updating the most important knowledge;
- new material listing teaching and monitoring methods;
- its systematization and generalization;
- homework.
In terms of lessons, the teacher does not always single out the stage of consolidating skills and knowledge as a separate element. For example, a similar stage is carried out after the information block, as well as during the experimental (practical) activity.
According to the requirements of the second generation of GEF, the teacher draws up brief theses for each lesson or extracurricular activities, notes the moments of activation of cognitive activity of schoolchildren, updating ZUN.
Conclusion
Depending on the age and individual characteristics of students, the teacher can use different methods of updating skills, abilities, knowledge. For example, using the “chain of signs” technique, you can identify the children’s abilities to describe certain objects by characteristic signs, and to draw up a plan of their actions.
One child names the analyzed object, indicates its sign.
The second student marks the second object, which is similar in characteristics.
As a result of such activities, it is possible to generalize information, for example, about a chemical substance, a certain interaction.
The game "Take you with me" involves updating the knowledge of students, allows them to accumulate information about certain signs of the analyzed object. The children learn to combine different objects on similar grounds, highlight common parameters, compare them, form a single image based on the information received.
The teacher guesses some sign, several objects are collected on it, and only one subject is called.
Then the guys try to guess the sign, picking up various objects to it. The game continues until it is guessed. Child psychologists advise periodically using such a game to check homework.
To include children of primary school age in active cognitive activity, the yes-no technique is suitable. It contributes to the formation of analytical skills among the younger generation, the skills of conducting scientific discussion. The teacher lists the signs of repeated material, and the guys agree with the statements or refute them.
From the beginning of the lesson, it is important to demonstrate your confidence in students. According to the new educational standards, the teacher acts as a mentor, helps his students clarify, formulate the purpose of the lesson, and set goals. It is the teacher who helps each child to build an individual educational path, to adjust universal learning skills.
He helps his wards to develop interest in obtaining new skills and knowledge, to adapt in the student team.
The organizational moment of the modern GEF lesson includes not only updating knowledge, but also the preliminary mood of the classroom team to work. The teacher identifies the absent schoolchildren, the reason they missed classes, assesses the external condition of the classroom.
If the teacher’s preparation for work is evidenced by the presence of a plan or an outline of the lesson, demonstration manuals, then the mood of students can be assessed by their appearance and concentration.
Only with the full positive mood of the class team for a lesson or after-school event can a mentor rely on achieving his goal, implementing pedagogical tasks.