The Black Sea is one of the most beautiful places in our country, it is unique and has its own interesting features.
Location
The Black Sea is located in the south of the European part of Russia. Next to it are the chains of the Caucasus Mountains.
The Black Sea on the map borders on several countries. These are Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. The area of the Black Sea crosses the border between Europe and Asia. In the outlines of the sea you can see how deeply the Crimean peninsula crashes into it in the north. It connects with the small Sea of Azov thanks to the Kerch Strait.
General information
The area of the Black Sea is large: it is believed that it is equal to 422 thousand square kilometers. This value is approximate, in some sources other figures are indicated. The area of the Black Sea in sq. km - 436400 (according to other sources). The maximum depth is 2210 meters, and the average is 1240.
The sea is located in an isolated hollow formed between Southeastern Europe and the Asia Minor Peninsula. The area of the Black Sea is as if divided into two parts by a small uplift, part of which is the Crimean peninsula. The northwestern part has a wide strip of shelf. The coast of Turkey and Georgia is more indented with gorges and canyons. Great depths on these shores begin much closer than in the north. The length of the Black Sea coastline is 4077 kilometers. The sea is a bit like an oval with a length of 1148 kilometers and a width of 615.
There are few bays and almost no islands. This is because the water level is constantly rising. Scientists estimate that every 100 years the area of the Black Sea grows by 25 centimeters. It would seem that the speed is very small, but some cities have already managed to swallow the sea.
Cities on the Black Sea
The Russian coast is replete with various resorts. There are cities here, the largest of them - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Anapa. Recently, the cities on the Black Sea located in the Crimea (Kerch and Sevastopol) have also become Russian.
Sochi is the warmest region on the Black Sea in Russia. There is a lot of sun, very humid and subtropical vegetation.
In Sevastopol, the ancient ancient city of Khersones is well preserved. Many monuments dedicated to the Great Victory.
Way from sea to ocean
The Black Sea on the map seems far from the oceans, it belongs to the inland, but belongs to the Atlantic. To get to it from here, you need to go a very long way: from the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait to the Marmara, then through the Dardanelles to the Aegean and the Mediterranean Sea, and only after that you can get into the Atlantic Ocean through Gibraltar.
Climate
The climate is continental. Its features are associated with the internal position of the sea. The coasts of the Crimea and the Caucasus are protected from the penetration of cold northern winds, so the climate there is milder, Mediterranean.
The influence of the Atlantic Ocean affects the weather. Cyclones come from the north and west; as a rule, they bring precipitation. Sometimes the north wind is so strong that the mountains do not become an obstacle for him. It is called "boron." He brings cold. The locals nicknamed him "Nord-Ost."
Flora and fauna
In the sea there is a wide variety of algae. These are brown, green, red and others, and there are a total of 270 species. About 600 species of phytoplankton can also be found there. The so-called nightlight lives in the water - it is an algae that contains phosphorus.
The fauna of the Black Sea can not be compared with the animal kingdom of the Mediterranean. Here 2500 species live, when in the Mediterranean - 9000. The reasons for the poor animal kingdom are: hydrogen sulfide at great depths, colder water and a wide range of salinity. Therefore, the Black Sea is only for unpretentious animals living at shallow depths. At the bottom live mussels, oysters, pectin, clam rapan.
Their shells are regularly washed ashore. Among the stones live crabs, shrimp are found. There are some types of jellyfish - aurelia and cornerot. Among the fish known: mullet, mackerel, flounder,
sea ruff, Black Sea-Azov herring. The most dangerous fish is the sea dragon. Mammals are represented by two species of dolphins: a white-cask and bottlenose dolphin - as well as a guinea pig and a white-bellied seal.
The composition of sea water
The water in the Black Sea is salty, with a bitter aftertaste. This is due to the fact that in addition to sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and sulfate are also included . In addition, the water contains 60 chemical elements.
Most of the total volume is hydrogen sulfide. As a rule, it is found in water at great depths (more than 150 meters).
Hydrogen sulfide was formed as a result of decomposition of marine organisms. The Black Sea differs from others in that at a great depth there are no algae or marine animals. Only serobacteria live there. Sometimes during a storm, hydrogen sulfide is released, so residents on the coast can smell an unpleasant odor.
Black Sea in different nations
The Black Sea is called so by many peoples, despite its countless shades in different weathers, from dark green to light blue. The ancient Greeks called it Pont Aksinsky, which means “inhospitable” or “black”. There were difficulties with navigation, and the coast was inhabited by hostile Aborigines. Colonists here were met by adverse weather events, such as fogs and storms. When the Greeks finally mastered this sea, it began to be called the Pontus of Euxine, that is, "hospitable."
In the annals of Ancient Russia, the sea is called Russian or sometimes Scythian. In some sources you can find information that the sea used to be called not Black, but Black, that is, beautiful.
The Turks called this sea Karadengiz - "inhospitable." Probably for the same reason as the Greeks.