Cystitis is the presence of an infection in the bladder. The disease occurs in people of different ages, but most often in older women.
Causes of the disease
Often the main cause of the disease is a bacterial pathogen. In women, the penetration of infection is due to the structural features of the genitourinary system. Unlike men, their urethra is short and wide, located close to the vagina, rectum, so there is a high likelihood of infection with inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.
Cystitis in women can provoke pregnancy, due to the pressure of the enlarged uterus on the bladder and impaired outflow of urine, sex life, and poor personal hygiene. Overcooling, the effects of toxic substances on the inner membranes of the bladder, men’s prostate adenoma, narrowing of the urethra, tumor diseases of the prostate, etc. contribute to the disease. Circulatory disorders, highly pathogenic bacteria and their prolonged stay in the bladder can also cause exacerbation of cystitis.
The occurrence of cystitis in case of infection through the blood (hematogenous route) is not ruled out. In both sexes, cystitis can cause chronic and acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, neoplasms, leukoplakia, and urinary tract tuberculosis. This cystitis is considered secondary, being a complication of these diseases. Primarily arising cystitis practically does not occur. It is usually based on some other disease of the bladder. In childhood, the disease occurs due to an abnormality in the development of the bladder.
Symptoms of the disease
The disease may occur unexpectedly, but in most cases the symptoms increase gradually. The patient complains of pain in the lower abdomen, a burning sensation and itching in the urethra. With severe cystitis, pain appears in the suprapubic region. Frequent urination is noted, and it often seems to the patient that he has not completely emptied the bladder. The amount of urine for urination decreases, the urine may be mixed with blood. There may be incontinence. General condition is relatively satisfactory. The temperature, as a rule, does not increase and only with a severe form of the disease reaches subfebrile condition. Her increase may indicate the spread of infection up (ascending infection). On palpation examination of the suprapubic region, slight pain is noted. In children, the anterior abdominal wall tenses.
In the diagnosis, in the general analysis of urine, you can see a significant increase in white blood cells and red blood cells, which should normally be units. Bacteriuria is noted. When sowing urine, you can identify the pathogen, determine its amount and which antibiotics it is sensitive to. In the blood test, there is a slight leukocytosis and an increase in ESR.
Cystitis medication
A patient with this disease should observe personal hygiene and rest, not be cold. Medicines for cystitis include a whole host of drugs that have antibacterial, antifungal effects.
What helps with cystitis? With exacerbation, antibiotics for cystitis are necessarily prescribed. They are prescribed regardless of the pathogen excretion; antibiotics of a wide spectrum are used for this. After receiving the result of sowing, the antibiotic can be changed. Duration of admission is at least seven days. Medicines for cystitis are cephalosporin antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, penicillins. Uroantiseptics are mandatory (palin, nolicin, nitroxoline, furagin, furazolidone). Their peculiarity is that they are excreted by the kidneys and, accumulating almost unchanged in the bladder, have a bactericidal effect. The course of treatment is similar. Phytotherapeutic drugs are very good cystitis medicines. For its treatment, decoctions of bearberry, fruit drinks from northern berries, a leaf of lingonberry, and kidney fees are used.