The classification of sciences requires detailed consideration. It is this issue that is highlighted in the article.
Science is a study of reality that takes place according to a specific system. Science reproduces all the logical and essential aspects in a logical form, making understanding a lot easier by introducing concepts, laws, theories and categories.
The classification of sciences is a way of dividing all sciences into categories according to some principles. This reveals the mutual connection of sciences and the expression of this connection in the form of organization of scientific activity.
The classification of sciences can be carried out according to criteria such as:
1. Type of direction of science.
2. The subject group of science.
If we take the classification, which depends on the subject group, then we can get two main types of sciences, which distinguishes modern science.
1. Science of natural science.
2. Humanities sciences.
Natural sciences study the natural properties, natural relationships, and natural connections of things.
The humanities study certain phenomena, which are the properties and relationships of the representatives of the race of people themselves as unique creatures. This includes the study of social and spiritual properties and relationships. This area includes such sciences as history, sociology, philosophy, as well as such spheres of life as religion, law, and morality.
The object of study in the natural sciences is nature and its components, and in the humanities the man himself and the society surrounding him. The main function of the natural sciences is the discovery of the new, proof of the truth. The humanities, in turn, explain the already formulated facts, bring them to a logical understanding. Natural sciences tend to generalize everything, the influence of values in them is hardly noticeable, and the human role is denied, exalting mother nature above all else. The humanities like to consider each issue purely individually, their values are clearly expressed, openly promoted, and the role of man is inevitably mentioned in everything. In particular, the natural sciences possess such features as a neutral attitude to ideology, a very strict separation of the relationship between the subject and the object, where the object is material and stable, a clear superiority of quantitative estimates and global participation in building the foundation of the methodology. In turn, the humanities can be distinguished by ideological congestion, the coincidence of the roles of the subject and the object, where the object is most often variable and ideal, a clear predominance of qualitative assessments and the practical rejection of experimental methods.
According to most scientists, it is from this global classification of sciences, from the division of all sciences into two large groups, that increasingly smaller and narrowly specific classifications have arisen. In each of these large groups, more than a dozen classifications can be included that cover certain areas of science.
Among the classifications of the natural sciences, it is worth highlighting the classification of biological sciences, and among the humanities - the classification of legal sciences. These two classifications play an important role in modern scientific activity.
Classification of biological sciences:
1. General sciences (genetics, morphology, systematics, ecology, biogeography, physiology and the doctrine of evolution).
2. Private science (botany, anthropology, zoology, microbiology).
3. Sciences of a complex orientation (soil science, hydrobiology, parasitology).
Classification of legal sciences :
1. Science of historical and legal orientation.
2. Science of a general theoretical legal orientation.
3. Science of legal industries.
4. Specialized sciences (forensics, forensics, forensic statistics).
The classification of sciences is one of the most important areas of unification and systematization of scientific activity.