Why is a person always, if only not sleeping, in motion, busy with something? And what will happen if he falls into a state of rest and does nothing? Yes, he will simply die - from hunger, thirst, cold, boredom. Life is a constant activity, the definition in social science sounds like a series of necessary actions for the sake of life itself.
The essence of human activity
The fact that society needs energetic, enterprising, business-like citizens is an axiom. Otherwise, it will turn into a standing swamp or that notorious lying stone under which water does not flow. It is the activity of people at all levels of social life that guarantees the comprehensive development of both the whole state and its individual individuals.
The word “activity” has many synonyms and one of them is “activity”. They mutually explain and complement each other. What causes human activity:
- The ability to recognize the weaknesses and virtues of the world, which can be used for your own purposes
- The need to adapt the environment to their needs and, conversely, to adapt to its conditions that are not amenable to change. For example, it is impossible to exclude winter from the natural seasonal cycle and replace it with eternal spring.
- Curiosity, the need to know the causal relationships that exist in nature, and to use them for their own purposes.
Thus, human activity in social science is a meaningful practical and cognitive activity of an individual, aimed at mastering and changing the environment in order to satisfy his own needs and needs.
Action chart
A meaningful activity in social science is the sequential implementation of specific operations that guarantee the receipt of the intended result.
First of all, it is necessary to determine who will be the subject, that is, the executor of the planned action, depending on its scale and content:
- one person with the necessary knowledge and skills;
- group of people (members of the election, admissions, inspection commissions);
- society.
Next, you need to decide on which object the subject is directed. It can be an object (for example, from which to build a monument or build a house), one person, a team, a family or even invisible to the eye, an intangible process (aesthetic perception by young people of objects of art). The object of analytical activity may be one's own character traits, views, and tastes of a person. In this case, he acts both as its object and as a subject.
The motives and purpose of the subject of activity should be extremely deliberate and understandable to them. Otherwise, it becomes chaotic, time-consuming and costly and may be inconclusive.
Methods and methods, means of moving towards the goal should be reasonable, real and affordable.
The process of carrying out activities in social science is a systematic, step-by-step advancement to the intended result with a rational resolution of emerging new tasks and problems.
The result of labor - tangible or intangible. It is subjected to analysis, comparison with the plan and, if necessary, adjusted, finalized.
Ethical side of activity
Not every business is good for man himself and society. From this point of view, social science divides the types of activities into creative, useful, and destructive, destructive.
Numerous examples of socially approved actions by individuals and groups of enthusiasts. They are aimed at improving the living conditions, financial situation of single, elderly, low-income citizens: volunteering, patronage, guardianship, fundraising. Various actions are often taken to restore order in a city or town - subbotniks, Sundays, and months.
Destructive, harmful and dangerous activities in social science are contrary to the law, the norms of social coexistence: robbery and theft, intentional killings for various reasons, espionage, desertion, leaving people at risk, slander, etc.
Situations when a person is tempted to transgress moral rules and norms often arise. What decision he will make depends on his character, moral stamina, and upbringing.
Activities
A person develops numerous types of actions gradually, from the simplest to the most complex, as his consciousness and needs are formed:
- Communication. From the first days of life, the child receives many signals from the environment and, with the help of adults, learns to react and consciously interact with it. That is, to communicate. The forms and skills of this activity become more complicated as its own goals appear and a communicative experience is gained.
- The game. Initially, it serves as a means of entertainment, primitive in content. But gradually, it is in the game that the child copies, models and resolves various life situations, that is, indirectly learns the art of social interaction.
- Doctrine. It is organized by adults as a way of forming children's knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in life. Without it, the development of the psyche is impossible. At a conscious age, a person can, for various reasons, engage in self-education in a chosen field of knowledge.
- Work. This is the activity of a person, a group of people to achieve the desired result. His goal is to achieve his own or social well-being.
- Creation. This is the activity of people who have a great need to realize new and unusual ideas and images in material objects (paintings, sculpture, buildings, cinema, performances). Its basis is developed imagination and fantasy.
Throughout life, a person to a greater or lesser extent takes possession of various activities. It depends on the natural inclinations, education, as well as on individual goals and needs.
Forms of activity
Labor is physical and mental. These forms of activity in social science are characterized as follows:
- Physical labor requires high energy costs, because a person experiences significant muscle loads. All body systems - respiratory, cardiac, nervous - are intensely activated.
- Mental or intellectual work is provided by the tension of brain activity, thinking: the incoming information is analyzed in the brain, which requires concentration, memorization. Then a new action plan is created with consideration of the place, time, ways, means of its implementation.
These forms of activity defined in social science are not strictly isolated forms from each other. The physical labor of the worker (builder, loader, lifeguard) does not exclude, but stimulates his mental work. A conscious attitude towards it requires consideration of the sequence (planning) and nature of actions, concentration of attention, analysis of results, search for optimization methods and correction of mistakes made.
Mental labor is often combined with physical labor, when, for example, the inventor himself is engaged in the manufacture of parts, assembly, and testing of an invented assembly.