Modern types of physical activity

Physical activity is an integral part of a healthy life. Types of physical activity are usually called physical exercises. They have a beneficial effect on all body systems, improving muscle tone, mood and skin condition. What else should you know about physical activity?

sports and health

Sport occupies an important place in the life of every person. The desire to give or not to give the body physical activity has nothing to do with it. For health, the body needs movement and tension. Physical activity is the first and most important condition for health. The movement accompanies a person from birth. A newborn baby actively waves its legs and arms to stretch aching muscles. Once a child learns to walk, it is very difficult to keep him in place. The body itself makes the baby run and jump. It brings great pleasure to all muscles.

Modern living conditions do not always allow a person to devote enough time to his physical health. This is very bad, because health is the main thing. No matter how busy the work schedule is, it is necessary to find time for at least an active workout. Regular, even small, loads can significantly improve overall health, improve immunity and mood. In order to effectively engage, you need to know what types of physical activity are right for you - that’s what this article is about.

Physical activity

In simple and understandable language, motor activity is a complex of motor acts of the body that are performed automatically or for a specific purpose. Physical activities performed for a specific purpose are called training. It is worth noting that in animals, motor activity is the main function of the muscular system. For humans, this is an important biological need. The vital activity and healthy functioning of all body systems are possible only with a certain level of activity. Lack of physical activity can be safely compared with oxygen starvation or a lack of vitamins, so it is worthwhile to understand the role that sports play. Motor activity is based on elementary physical action - a conscious and directed act. Action consists of poses and movements.

Human motor activity can be of three types. It can be regulated, partially regulated and not regulated. The latter type of physical activity means spontaneous motor acts that make no sense. It is inherent in young children, because their body simply "asks" for physical activity, which may not have a specific purpose. Partially regulated activity is done with a certain intention, but the ultimate goal is not the load itself. It can be morning exercises, outdoor games, dances. Regulated activities are specially selected loads that should in a certain way affect the human body.

Characteristics of motor activity

Types of motor activity, the physiology of which can be very different depending on the ultimate goal of a person, can be classified according to some criteria. They have quantitative and qualitative characteristics. These two characteristics are considered initial. Already from them all the rest follow. Quantitative characteristics take into account spatio-temporal indicators. This is the number of movements, their volume and the number of repetitions. Qualitative characteristics are aimed at showing the functional changes that occur in the body during physical activity. These indicators include energy costs that the body incurs when performing exercises or engaging in physical activity in general.

Competitions and training are the main territory for physical activity. Their practical value is very high, while the effectiveness also reaches its highest limits. At competitions, a person has an adrenaline rush, the body works at the peak of its capabilities. Regular and frequent competitions are not always useful for the body, but more rare “extreme” moments will be very useful and will serve as a kind of discharge. You can talk about the benefits of training for a very long time. This is a really effective method of working with your body and health, which is aimed at maximizing the benefits of intense physical activity.

The importance and value of training and competition is as follows:

• development of specific requirements for the training process;
• improvement of model characteristics of athletes;
• development of tests to assess individual characteristics of athletes;
• simulation of training conditions.

Types of physical activity

The load is ranked by intensity. There are three degrees of intensity: light, moderate and high. List the main types of motor activity that you know. Not so much, right? How to classify them? We will talk about this in the following paragraphs.

Any types of motor activity have a beneficial effect on the human body, his well-being and mood. But it’s worthwhile to understand that not all loads are available to everyone for a number of reasons. A person may have diseases that do not allow intense exercise. In this case, it is very important to develop your own training program, which will adequately load the body, avoiding overload. Consider the types of motor activity in terms of energy consumption.

Light load involves energy consumption of no more than 2-3 MET. Such physical activity can include routine household chores (washing, ironing, cooking, cleaning, working at a computer, etc.). Also, a light load can include a long game of badminton, golf or dancing.

Moderate physical activity involves energy expenditures of about 4-6 MET. Such a load includes more active homework (mopping, working with a vacuum cleaner, repair). Also included are walking, jogging, ice skating and skiing, etc.

High load requires energy consumption of 7 MET and above. It includes the following types of motor activity: rowing, jumping, exercising on exercise bikes, running, ice skating and skiing with a load on the heart. The same energy costs can be found in the training of professional athletes, during unloading, in stone mines.

Signs of physical activity

It is known that correctly selected types of motor activity have a beneficial effect on the human body. But what signs do all types of activity have, what unites them? So, we highlight the main ones:

• types of exercises;
• type of exercise;
• form of conducting classes;
• social orientation.

According to these signs, the following types of motor activity are also distinguished:

1. Sports activities.
2. Sports activities.
3. Sports and gaming activities.
4. Sports and gaming activities.

Modern physical education uses all of the above types of activity, which we will consider in more detail.

Physical education is not a sport, but a targeted impact on a person. His goal is the harmonious development of his natural and spiritual forces. Physical education is an important condition for the general culture of man. Such activities have several areas:

1. Teaching and developing. It is aimed at learning important motor skills, the development of all organs and systems of the body. In this case, general strengthening exercises are used, which a person can perform independently.
2. Sports and recreational. It is aimed at improving the whole body, instilling independent skills of physical culture, the development of certain physical abilities.
3. Professionally oriented. It is aimed at improving existing physical skills with the help of special training programs.
4. Corrective. It is aimed at eliminating deficiencies in the figure or body structure.

Sports activities are characterized by a person’s personal orientation towards development in a particular sport. Its important advantage is that it guarantees the development of not only physical, but also personal qualities of a person. Sports activities can be characterized as follows:

• desire to achieve maximum results in the selected sport;
• large physical exertion;
• awareness of the social importance of sports activities.

The main types of motor activity include a small branch - competitive activity. It is carried out at the limit of the mental and physical capabilities of athletes in order to establish record achievements.

Sports and gaming activities are aimed at team achievement of significant results. A very important point is the ability to work in a team and act according to a well-thought-out plan. The main features of this activity:

• the presence of rapidly changing situations;
• Conflict with other teams;
• the emergence of problems that require a team approach;
• self-awareness as a member of the whole and indivisible;
• a wide variety of feelings experienced during the game.

Sports and gaming activities are very similar to sports and sports and games, but there are a number of differences. They are in the nature of the exercises. Such a load is very effective at the initial stage of the formation of personal and physical traits of a person, therefore it is often used in preschool age. The main features of such activities are as follows:

• the presence of imitation moments;
• the ability to change the structure and purpose of the game for the development of creative abilities;
• the initial plot of the game and the distribution of roles are possible;
• the initial goal is the diversity of the gameplay, not the achievement of certain results.

Activity Modes

Types of modes of motor activity are assigned depending on various factors. These factors include: the patient’s ability to adapt, the clinical course of the disease, the functional capabilities of the body, etc. All these indicators are very important to consider in order to make a rational regimen. Types of modes of motor activity can be divided into two main categories: active and passive.

Active aims at stimulating and training the body. As a result, positive emotions, a healthy glow and a sense of satisfaction arise. Muscular load has a huge impact on the general condition of a person, this is a long-proven and verified fact. Active mode forms the will and self-confidence. An important role in it is played by the psychological component, which is aimed at raising the morale of a patient who is in a medical institution. It is necessary to carefully prescribe the active regimen, as the patient may simply not be able to adhere to it. As a result, such a decision could result in even worse consequences. Assign an active mode should be based on age, profession, patient’s condition, stage of the disease, clinical manifestations, the level of fitness of the whole organism, etc.

Passive mode or lack of exercise can adversely affect the patient's condition. It should be understood that calm and active movements should not be opposed to each other. Each type of activity should only be a complement to another type. It is also worth considering that the passive mode in any case will lead to some extinction of conditioned reflex connections. The psychological component of the passive regime is also important - self-absorption, negativity, pondering of the disease, etc. Weakened muscle tone can significantly slow down the entire healing process.

Patient Activity

Types of motor activity of the patient are divided into:

1. Strict bed rest.
2. Bed rest.
3. Half bed mode.
4. General mode.

Strict bed rest is prescribed for severe diseases at an early stage. It completely limits the patient’s freedom of action. You can not stand up, sit down and even turn on the other side. These types of motor activity of a person are aimed at conserving energy, which should serve as a reserve in the fight against the disease.

Bed rest is more diverse. It is prescribed when the healing process becomes apparent. But such a regime allows physical activity only within the bed. All measures for personal care, personal hygiene and nutrition are carried out by health workers.

Half-bed mode of the patient allows you to walk, sit down, independently visit the toilet and eat. It is most often used for diseases of moderate and mild severity.

The general mode of the patient is characterized by the fact that physical activity is not limited at all. An adult can independently perform all the necessary actions, and a child can walk and play on the street, accompanied by an adult.

Extreme types of physical activity

These types of activity are very necessary for adults and children. After all, they are aimed at satisfying the basic needs for risk and changing impressions. It should be borne in mind that the types of motor activity of children should be carefully thought out. This is to avoid accidents. Extreme types of activity may include skiing, cycling, etc. All these activities have a significant share of risk, even despite a high level of human readiness. Such types of physical activity, which have a beneficial effect on the physical state, are simply irreplaceable psychological relaxation. Moving to a more global level, we can say that such loads can significantly reduce the percentage of negative and criminal phenomena in society.

Power consumption

All types of physical activity are designed to burn calories and involve the consumption of a certain amount of energy. Even in complete rest, the body still spends calories. They are spent on internal processes: heartbeat, digestion of food, blood movement in blood vessels, etc. All body systems expend a large amount of energy to ensure their vital functions. The main metabolic process occurs after sleep on an empty stomach and at a temperature of 15-20 degrees. Energy consumption can vary depending on the internal state of the body and the presence of diseases. If the work of a particular gland or organ is disrupted, then the body needs more energy in order to establish work.

By the amount of energy spent, based on professional activity, people can be divided into 6 categories:

• Group 1 - these are people leading a sedentary lifestyle, most often these are office workers. They spend 2200-2500 calories per day.
• Group 2 - these are people who have normal muscle load, but work while sitting. These include jewelers, registrars, and teachers. They spend 2600-2900 calories per day.
• Group 3 - these are people who have muscle load, but it is very insignificant. This group includes doctors, waiters and postmen. Their energy expenditure is 3000-3100 calories.
• Group 4 - people with intense muscular work (trainers, conductors, locksmiths). Their energy expenditures are equal to 3500-3700 calories.
• Group 5 - those who engage in heavy physical labor (workshop workers, professional athletes). At the same time, about 4100 calories are spent.
• 6th group - very hard work (miners, masons). Energy costs in this case are equal to 5100 calories, but this threshold can be exceeded.

Despite the general misconception, mental work takes very little energy, so it’s worthwhile to rationally build your diet.

Kids activity

Modern types of physical activity allow you to choose the most suitable sport for the child. The burden for a growing organism is an important and indispensable factor for harmonious growth and development. In modern society, there is a tendency to deteriorate children's health. One of the main reasons for this state of affairs is the lack of physical activity. Despite the fact that modern types of physical activity are very diverse and interesting, children prefer computer games and entertainment on the Internet.

In order to improve the motor regime of children, it is very important to study individual individual characteristics in different types of activity. This approach was supported by scientists A.N. Leont'ev, A.P. Usova and A.V. Zaporozhets. .

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