In our article, representatives of the plant kingdom will be considered. Examples (3rd grade considers this topic in the course of the surrounding world) of these common organisms are known to everyone since childhood. However, not everyone remembers the rather complicated classification of representatives of this systematic unit.
Representatives of the plant kingdom: examples and structural features
Plants have a number of distinguishing features. The first and main of them is the type of pitinium. All plant organisms are autotrophs. They are able to synthesize glucose and oxygen on their own. This process is called photosynthesis. It occurs on the inner surface of permanent cell structures called chloroplasts.
However, different systematic groups of organisms differ significantly from each other. Examples of representatives of the kingdoms of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and viruses once again confirm this. Let's look at systematic groups using specific species as examples.
Chlamydomonas and kelp
These are typical representatives of the plant kingdom. These examples can also be supplemented with chlorella, spirogyra, ulotrix, ulva. All of them are representatives of algae. These are the very first plants that have a fairly primitive structure. They are represented by unicellular, multicellular, and colonial organisms. The body of algae is called the thallus. It consists of individual cells that do not combine into tissue. The function of the roots is performed by specialized formations called rhizoids. These plants are called inferior.
Mosses and Ferns
The group of higher ones is continued by the following representatives of the plant kingdom. Examples of them, except for mosses and ferns, are horsetails and crowns. They are already higher plants, the body of which consists of real tissues and organs. In the life cycle of these organisms, a generational change occurs - sexual and asexual.
Consider this process with the example of moss, one of the most common types of which is cuckoo flax. The gametophyte prevails in its life cycle. It is a green leafy plant with rhizoids. Their combination looks like a green carpet. As it develops, germ cells form on it. They merge, and as a result on the gametophyte an asexual generation of moss is formed. It looks like a box on a thin leg. There are disputes in it. They are cells of asexual reproduction. Once in the soil, they germinate, again forming a green gametophyte carpet.
In other higher spore plants, sporophyte predominates in the life cycle. Anatomically, it is not associated with the sexual generation and develops separately.
Spruce and pine
And here to all well-known representatives of the plant kingdom. Examples (3rd grade studies songs, tales and riddles about them) gymnosperms are quite common in various literary works, therefore they are familiar to everyone from childhood.
Spruce and pine are the most typical representatives of this systematic unit. This list can be continued with fir, thuja, cypress, yew, juniper, cypress. All of them represent the gymnosperms department. Their common features are the lack of flowers, and hence the fruits. The seeds of these plants develop on the scales of cones bare, open. From here they got the name of a systematic unit. The vast majority of them have thin leaves called needles. They do not fall in the cold season, because their stomata are sealed with resin for the winter, which impedes the process of evaporation of water. An exception is only larch, which periodically changes its "green outfit".
Gymnosperms are also represented by a plant with the largest leaves, which reach a length of 2 meters. This is an amazing Welwitschia that grows in African deserts. Moreover, the trunk of this plant is hidden underground, and on the surface there are only two large leaves.
Apple tree and wheat
And here are the most common representatives of the plant kingdom. Examples of them can be listed endlessly. Apple tree, plum, pepper, potato, nightshade, rye, wheat, rose, chamomile ... Total Angiosperms department has more than 250 thousand species. They achieved a dominant position due to the presence of a flower and a fruit. In the latter, seeds develop. It is the fruit that provides them with reliable protection against the cold, mechanical damage, a source of water and nutrients.
The Angiosperms department includes 2 classes: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. The first have a single cotyledon in the seed germ, fibrous root system, simple linear leaves. In dicotyledonous plants, two cotyledons are located in the seed germ, their root system is the core, and cambium develops in the stem.
In our article, we examined examples of representatives of plant kingdoms. The main groups are lower (algae) and higher, which can be spore and seed.