In the Russian Federation, as in any country, the formation of the budget system is based on certain principles. Principles are the most general and essential provisions that determine the structure, content and nature of the interaction of all aspects related to the work of the budget system. Such principles are enshrined in the Russian Federation and are considered in detail in a special legislative act - the Budget Code. The principles of building the state budget system are set forth in the fifth chapter of this Code.
The most important principles for the functioning of the budget system will be discussed below.
1. The principle of level differentiation of the budget balance stipulates that specific types of budget resources are formed from their strictly specified sources of tax revenues. In addition, the level factor, i.e. differentiation of tax and budget structures into federal and regional.
2. The established principles of the unity of the budget system provide for the preservation and its operation as a single whole systemic education, functioning on the basis of a common monetary system and unified types of budget documentation and general laws.
3. The principle of independence is:
- Granting the right to implement the budget process to local (regional) legislative bodies ;
- the presence of each subject of the budget process of its own base for its formation;
- legislative distribution of powers on budgeting;
- the right of power institutions to allocate budget spending items and sources of replenishment.
4. The principles of building a budget system, providing for the completeness of reflection of all budget resources accumulated in the country's system and their full use to finance programs provided for by budget legislation.
5. The principles of balanced budgets imply that the amount of funds in the expenditure side of the budget corresponds to the possibilities of sources for replenishing it. Minimizing its deficit is the basic rule that ensures the implementation of this principle.
6. The principle of efficiency involves the economical use of budgetary resources, which obliges the authorities to seek solutions to economic problems at the lowest cost.
7. The principle of publicity establishes that all information regarding the budget process is subject to publication in the media. In addition, this principle establishes that all procedures for approving budget plans should be open. Secret articles are reviewed and approved only at the federal level.
8. The principle of reliability means a high degree of reliability and reliability of information on the content of budgetary activities, the realistic forecasting of the budgetary process and its implementation.
9. The principles of constructing a budgetary system based on targeting and strict targeted use of resources suggest such a distribution that the recipient can have them only after convincing justification of the financing goals.
In accordance with the amendments to the Code, the redistribution of budgets between their levels is not allowed, with the exception of the federal one, in which special funds are created for targeted financing of urgent state or social programs.
Federal acts that are related to the regulation of the budget process also establish the responsibility that officials who have committed violations in this area can bear. Such authorization can also be considered as an additional and necessary principle of the budget system. The principles of building a budget system are the substantive basis for building the legal framework for regulating budget processes.