Today’s school is designed not only to solve issues aimed at educating students, but also to seriously prepare them for real life, waiting outside the walls of the school. Implementation of such a task is possible only with an integrated approach to student learning. It is the integration of educational and upbringing components that will ensure the preparation of a self-sufficient personality capable of self-education and successful implementation in the future.
Are additional education programs necessary?
The component that allows to take into account the needs of the individual development of each child is additional education carried out in educational institutions after school hours. It is designed to help consolidate and deepen the material studied in general education, to expand the boundaries of what is known in school, the child’s self-identification in society, the realization of children's abilities, differentiation of learning needs, and the practical use of knowledge acquired at school.
Characteristics of Continuing Education
The program of additional education at the school according to GEF provides for a personality-oriented approach to students, which provides conditions for the implementation of their inclinations and abilities.
Additional education is an integral component of general education, which contributes to the fulfillment of the needs of each student, reveals gifted children, allows students to fill up leisure activities, and develops their physical form. In addition, it serves as a prevention of negative phenomena in the children's environment. The program of additional education at the school according to the GEF also aims to solve the problem of an individual approach to the selection of the content component of schoolchildren’s employment, taking into account their health status, the diversity of forms of education.
Speaking about classes, it should be understood that extracurricular activities in the school can be carried out by teachers of the institution itself, which involves the interaction of a class teacher, psychologist, speech therapist, social teacher, and teachers of additional education institutions can also be involved here. Given the overload of students and their parents, involvement in additional education on the basis of the school will optimize the educational process and make it more effective.
General features of continuing education
The difference between continuing education and general education is the voluntary choice of the subject of study, the variability of forms and content of the chosen discipline. This approach allows us to intensify the cognitive activity of schoolchildren, aim at self-training, and increase the level of socialization. It is important that additional education allows you to deepen knowledge and put it into practice.
The main school curriculum is just a set of theoretical knowledge, the use of which for many children is difficult in practice. Additional education is designed precisely to ensure that the knowledge acquired in the framework of general education promotes the personal growth of the child, encourages deeper research and ultimately becomes an assistant in choosing a profession.
In addition to all of the above, a feature of additional education is the unification of children of different ages according to the principle of their interest in any subject. This approach expands the circle of children’s communication, increases their communication skills, level of socialization.
The specifics of continuing education in primary school
The educational program of additional education of children in elementary school is the most important tool that allows you to determine their inclinations, abilities and, developing them, contribute to the development of a harmonious personality in the early stages of the formation of a child’s personality. Considering that elementary school students are still poorly positioning themselves in society, additional education for this age category is a kind of identifier of the inner self, a source of increasing self-esteem and a springboard for further self-realization.
Programs of additional education in primary school should reveal the full creative potential of the child, "wake up" his internal reserves, which, if successful, will contribute to his early career guidance. In addition, additional education should contribute to the implementation of physical activity of children of primary school age, which is possible when using game forms of extracurricular activities.
Directions for the implementation of additional education at school
The program of additional education at the school according to GEF LLC is formed taking into account the wishes of students and their parents, the availability of the appropriate material and technical base. A questionnaire will be an assistant in the preparation of such a program, which will allow you to determine the components of the program within the framework of the generally recommended structure.
Thus, sports and recreational, artistic and aesthetic, scientific, educational and spiritual and moral directions are envisaged. Each of them can be carried out in specific types of students' activities: cognitive, entertaining, sports and recreational, artistic creation, social creativity, tourist and regional studies, problem-value communication.
Forms of additional education
The most effective forms of organizing extracurricular activities of students are recognized circles, sections, school scientific societies, etc. Speaking about the forms of additional education at school, it should be recalled that the most effective are creative ones that demonstrate a non-standard attitude to the presentation of material. The demanded children are excursions, trips, concerts, performances.
Separate forms (olympiads, contests, exhibitions, competitions) cover gifted children whose talents and abilities are realized precisely during extracurricular activities, which is due to great opportunities for individual work with students.
Physical education in additional education
The inclusion of a sports and fitness component in preschool education is due to general trends towards a significant deterioration in the level of health of students. The main reasons leading to a decrease in the level of children's health are physical inactivity, environmental pollution, and the wrong lifestyle.
The negative factors we have mentioned that contribute to the high incidence of children are surmountable. The program of additional education at the school in physical education will be the incentive for students to overcome the tendency to physical inactivity, attachment to electronic means of communication and entertainment. The most commonly used modules of continuing education in physical education include the employment of children in drafts, chess, martial arts (karate, aikido, taekwondo), football, volleyball, and basketball.
Art as a form of cognition of the surrounding reality
The program of additional education at the school on GEF should stimulate the development of talents in the field of artistic and aesthetic direction. The most represented subject in basic general education, which studies the history, theory and practice of art, is literature. Unfortunately, such areas as music, visual and stage art are a big gap in the education of today's schoolchildren. In this sense, the components of continuing education provide invaluable assistance in filling this gap in knowledge. Circular work aimed at forming a spiritual personality is carried out taking into account the abilities of students and implies the inclusion of modules of music, choreography, ballet, theater, etc.
The program of continuing education in music school requires special attention. In addition to the educational function, this program should carry out wellness and psychological. This implies that singing allows you to develop the respiratory system, articulation apparatus, and also contribute to the removal of psychological barriers.
The place of the Russian language in continuing education
The scientific and cognitive direction is intended to expand the horizons of students' knowledge, stimulate their cognitive activity, the desire for project activities, to teach the principles of self-training.
The program of additional education at the school in the Russian language involves a more in-depth review of the material studied, improvement of speech skills, practical implementation of the studied in project activities. Extracurricular study of the Russian language is most interesting in the form of a theater studio, which will carry out interdisciplinary communication of literature and language, teach acting, increase the level of students' communicative activity.
Ecology is an essential component of continuing education
The most important area of continuing education at school is environmental. The need to include this direction in the program is due to the need to foster a love of nature, the homeland. The program of additional education at the school in ecology occupies a separate place. This state of affairs is due to the fact that environmental problems concern absolutely everyone living on the planet.
The involvement of a significant number of students in extracurricular activities aimed at protecting the environment will allow the education of responsible citizens who are caring for the gifts of nature. The most promising forms of training in ecology will be naturalistic circles, environmental landings for the cleaning of territories, its landscaping.
Objectives of Continuing Education
Summing up, it should be noted that the programs of additional education at the school according to the GEF are designed to enrich the school, allow children to fulfill themselves, to become involved in socially significant activities. It is this approach that will increase the motivation of schoolchildren to study, research scientific activity, the development of their talents and ultimately will contribute to their future training.
A particularly significant issue in the preparation of an additional education program in primary school is the identification of the interests of younger children, the development of their abilities, which will serve as the key to their successful self-realization in the future. The key moment of additional education is its installation on success and practical activity orientation.