The manufacturing process of the part is the main document regulating the production of the product. It prescribes the processing sequence (in the form of operations and transitions), the materials used, tools, equipment and modes that allow you to achieve the desired result. It also contains information about the main and auxiliary time spent on the production of one unit of output.
The manufacturing process of the part has a preparatory stage, during which a detailed analysis of the operating conditions of the finished product is performed. This allows you to study the validity of the claimed technical requirements for surface quality and dimensional accuracy. During the analysis of manufacturability, the possibility of manufacturing a part with specified tolerances on dimensions and deviations from the shape is controlled.
At the next stage, technological bases are selected. They will determine the sequence of surface treatment in the future. If you can comply with the principle of constancy of the bases, then the quality of the finished product will be much higher. After that, you can begin to develop a route.
The manufacturing process can be:
single. It implies the manufacture of one product name, regardless of the required volume of production;
typical. Allows you to release a group of products that have common design and technological features;
group. It is used if it is necessary to produce products having different structural and common technological features.
The manufacturing process must be developed taking into account the following requirements:
It should be based on the latest achievements of science and technology.
It should have a progressive effect on the entire production cycle, increasing labor productivity and the quality of products, reducing labor and material costs for its implementation.
The manufacturing process of the part should be based on existing standard and group technological processes. If there are none, then it is worth taking the already well-known progressive solutions that have found application in individual technological processes developed for the production of similar products.
When developing it, all the most stringent requirements regarding safety, labor protection and industrial sanitation must be taken into account.
The manufacturing process of a part, as a rule, includes:
- a procurement operation during which a procurement for a future product is selected and prepared;
- roughing, for which large allowances for dimensions are provided;
- semi-finished processing;
- finishing, during which the required size, predetermined accuracy and surface finish are achieved;
- a control operation performed to determine the conformity of the finished product to the drawing.
Depending on the geometric dimensions of the product and the requirements imposed on it, individual steps from the above sequence can be excluded. However, in all cases, the surface is first processed, which is taken as a technological base. After that, it becomes possible to finish the remaining surfaces.
In some cases, semi-finishing may be absent altogether, and roughing and finishing are combined. If in order to achieve the required operational properties, the part is subjected to heat treatment, then the manufacturing process is divided into two parts: before and after the thermal part of the finish.
A control operation may be provided after each type of treatment.