Each of us, while studying at school, studied the degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian. They are indispensable when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of an object or phenomenon with another. Let's try to understand the intricacies of this topic.
Adjective
Before you begin studying the topic "Degrees of Adjectives Comparison in Russian", you need to find out how this part of speech differs from all others. And she really has a lot of features. It is hard to imagine our speech without this colorful, elegant band. With the help of adjectives we describe the appearance (low, pretty, unpretentious), character (kind, grouchy, difficult), age (young, elderly). However, not only human qualities, but much more can be imagined with their help. For example, not a single work of art can do without using the names of adjectives. And the lyrics are all the more so. Thanks to this part of the speech, stories, poems, and novels acquire expressiveness and imagery.
The name adjective helps to form such artistic means as epithets (dazzling beauty, a wonderful morning), metaphors (golden hands, a stone heart), comparisons (looks like the happiest; the sky is like azure watercolor).
A distinctive feature of adjectives is their ability to form short forms. The latter always play the role of the predicate in the sentence, which gives this part of speech another advantage - to give dynamics to any text.
What is a degree?
Anyone who studies the Russian language faces this question. Degrees of comparison of adjectives is a characteristic that helps to compare one subject with another.
For example, we have two goals. They are exactly the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them with each other and conclude: one ball is bigger than another. We can approach this issue from the other side and note that one ball is less than the second. In both cases, we used the word characterizing the degree of comparison of these objects.
Now let’s put one more of the same for our items, but much larger. We need to distinguish it from others. How will we do this? Of course, use a comparison. Only now you need to indicate that the third ball is different from the first and second immediately. In this case, we will say that it is the largest among them.
It is for this that we need degrees of comparison of adjective names. We will describe each of their types in detail below.
comparative
When we have the name adjective, which no one compares to anything, then it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one subject must be compared with another, then we will use the comparative degree of the name of the adjective.
It has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffixal. This means that the word used to this degree has a characteristic suffix.
For example: This table is chic . The neighbor table is more luxurious than ours.
In the first case, the adjective stands in a positive degree. In the second, the suffix “her” was added to it and with the help of this one table was compared with another.
The second variety is a composite degree. As the name implies, its formation does not occur with the help of morphemes, but with the use of special words.
For example: This project is very successful . The previous project was more successful .
The word "more" helps us compare one project with another.
Another example: We received valuable information. The previous one turned out to be less valuable .
Now, using the word “less”, we indicated a sign that manifested itself to a lesser extent.
It is worth remembering that the degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language, regardless of varieties, are formed only from high-quality adjectives. Neither possessive nor relative possess this ability.
Superlative
In some situations, we need not only to compare one object or phenomenon with another, but to distinguish it from all similar to it. And here the degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian will also come to our aid. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.
Like comparative, it has two varieties.
Suffixes form a simple degree.
For example: Ivanov is the strongest of all athletes in the team.
The word "strong" with the suffix -eysh- formed a superlative degree and distinguished the athlete Ivanov from other members of the national team.
Next example: The new tulle is the most beautiful of those that I have seen.
In this case, the auxiliary word "the most" gave this sentence the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called composite.
Sometimes it can be accompanied by the prefix nai- to strengthen: the most beautiful.
Features
In some cases, the forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives have exceptions.
These include the words “good” and “bad”. When we begin to compare objects with their help, we will encounter some difficulties.
For example: We had a good evening. Let's try to form a chain of degrees of comparison.
In a simple comparative, we will see that the word “good” does not exist. He is replaced by "better." And to the word "bad" we pick up "worse." Such a phenomenon in Russian is called suppletivism of the basics. This means that the word needs to change dramatically in order to form a comparative degree.
Conclusion
Thus, we managed to find out not only the basics, but also some nuances on the topic "Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives in Russian".
Now this rule will not cause you any difficulties, since it is very simple.