The bay, called Anadyrsky, is the largest in the Bering Sea, which is located in the Chukotka Autonomous Region. It lies between two capes under the names Navarin and Chukotka. It has many small bays and bays and two large ones. These are the Anadyr Estuary and the Bay of the Cross, located in the depths of the Anadyr Bay.
Discovery story
The Anadyr Bay, also called the Anadyr Bay, was discovered, was an expedition of the famous Russian navigator Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. He laid the Anadyr prison, who later grew up in the city of Anadyr. The first map of the Anadyr Gulf was drawn in 1665 by the Yenisei Cossack, the explorer Kurbat Ivanov, the compiler of the maps of the Far East and the discoverer of Lake Baikal. Ivanov served in the Anadyr prison. Together with a group of industrialists, in 1660, in the spring, he sailed the bay to Cape Chukotsky.
Geographical location, description
As can be seen on the map, Anadyr Bay is located south of the Chukchi Peninsula. Its geographical coordinates are 64 ◦ s. W and 178 ° W d.
The width of the bay at the entrance to it is 400 kilometers. Length - about 280 kilometers, the greatest recorded depth –105 meters. Several rivers, more or less large, flow into the gulf, among which are Kanchalan, Tumanskaya, Velikaya, Anadyr.
Anadyr estuary
Directly into the Anadyr estuary, in which several components are also distinguished, the Kanchalan rivers (into the Kanchalan estuary), Anadyr and Velikaya (into the Gulf of Oneman), Avtatkuul and the Third River flow into it. It is on its shore that the city of Anadyr is located, the easternmost in Russia, which is the administrative center of the Chukotka Autonomous Region. The distance from it to the capital of the state is 6192 kilometers. Time here differs from Moscow by +9 hours (Kamchatka time zone).
On the other side of the estuary, in the village of Ugolnye Kopi, lies Anadyr Airport. From here planes fly to the settlements of Chukotka, as well as to Khabarovsk and Moscow. The seaport of the city is the largest in the region. Navigation here lasts only four months: it starts on July 1, and ends on November 1. Two braids separate the estuary from the Anadyr Gulf: Hek Land and the Russian Cat.
Bay of the Cross
The bay is located off the southern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula. It was discovered by Semyon Dezhnev. Mapped also by Kurbat Ivanov (originally called Nochan). It was renamed in honor of the feast of the Holy Holy Cross of the Lord Vitus Bering in 1728.
The depth of the sea in the bay is about 70 meters. It crashes into land for 102 kilometers. At the entrance it is narrower than in the middle part: 25 and 43 kilometers, respectively.
Natural conditions, flora and fauna
The climate here, as one would expect, is very severe, subarctic, marine. The average temperature in July is +11 degrees, in January - 22 below zero. The average annual air temperature is about 7 degrees below zero. Almost the whole year in the Bering Sea, the Anadyr Bay (after whom the sea is named, it is clear without explanation) is covered with ice.
Anadyr is located in the permafrost zone, and most of its buildings were erected on stilts. Summer is very short: in May and October, air temperature is often below zero. However, winter indicators are still less severe than in other territories of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, located in the interior of the mainland, due to the proximity of the sea.
Precipitation in this region falls mainly in the summer (about 350 mmHg per year). Water in August warms up to an average of 12 degrees above zero, the absolute maximum recorded is 16.9 degrees above zero.
The waters of the bay are rich in fish. This is flounder, and salmon, and cod, and capelin. The main commercial species is chum. Greenland and gray whales live in the bay. Here you can also meet polar bears. Seven species of mammals living in the bay are listed in the Red Book.
The shores of the Anadyr Gulf are swampy or mountain tundra. The plants here are mostly stunted: arctic willow, lean birch, of berries - blueberries, cranberries. Shrubs grow in river valleys. Most of all there are mosses and lichens, the most unpretentious and hardy representatives of the flora.
Interesting fact
In 2011 and 2012, in the Anadyr and Dionysian mountains, respectively, scientists discovered the remains of fossil forests of the Paleocene era. The discovery was surprising, since earlier there was no evidence of forest growth here in ancient times. The plants found in the region of Mount Dionysia were subsequently isolated into the so-called Tamlyan flora (Tamlyan is the name of the mountain in Chukchi). Among them are flowering, conifers.