Basic national values are a set of spiritual ideals inherent in a certain ethnic community, which reflect its historical originality and unique specificity. Often, they determine the behavior of people at the social, normative and cultural level. However, national values perform many functions. But first things first.
About the concept
The formation of such spiritual ideals as basic national values took place during the historical development of the culture of society, in accordance with the geopolitical position of the state.
The main feature is that it is precisely these attitudes that express the originality and originality of the Russian people, as well as their way of life, traditions, customs and most important needs. In other words, the basic national values are the core of the spiritual life of our society, a synthesis of its best qualities and traits.
Often they determine the position of a citizen, form an attitude towards the state, as well as its past, present and future. Often a person’s awareness of spiritual ideals and his indifferent attitude towards them helps him to realize his responsibility for the preservation and subsequent increase of the national treasure.
A bit of history
The basic national values of Russian society, as a category, began to take shape from the beginning of the 90s of the last century. This fact is easy to remember, since this process almost coincided with the approval of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state.
He was also accompanied by an active scientific debate. Which concerned the application of the concept of "national interests" in our ethnically rich state.
In 1992, a certain certainty appeared. The law "On Security" was adopted, and it was in this document that the emphasis was placed on the value of the vital interests of the individual, as well as the state and the whole society. This wording was very convenient. Indeed, with its help, the problem of national interests was correctly avoided, but at the same time, a special, documented place was given to values.
But four years later, in 1996, in the Epistle to nat. The safety of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly appeared in a different, more specific wording. In which the term "national interests" was enshrined normatively. And it was interpreted not only as the basis laid in the foundation for the formation of the tasks of the state’s foreign and domestic policy. From that moment on, this concept began to identify the vital interests of the individual and the whole society. Their detailed system is indicated in the Concept nat. Security of the Russian Federation from 1997. In 2000, the document was supplemented with information on the interpretation of national interests in the field of border policy.
Turning to the Constitution
The basic national values of our people are determined by the main state document. Having become acquainted with the Constitution, six main spiritual ideals can be distinguished.
The first is the assertion of freedoms and human rights, as well as civil peace and harmony. This value is not only indicated in the preamble. It can be said that the leitmotif goes through the entire text of the Constitution. And in the second article, the highest state values are listed at all. These include man, his freedoms and rights.
The list of basic national values of Russia also includes self-determination and equal rights of peoples, faith in justice and goodness, as well as the memory of our ancestors, who conveyed respect and love for the Fatherland to us.
The third spiritual ideal is the invincibility of democracy and sovereign statehood. To the fourth value it is customary to attribute the prosperity and well-being of our Fatherland. And by the fifth - responsibility for him. The last setting included in the list of values is the awareness of a citizen as part of the world community.
In addition to the above, the safety of people, their well-being and dignity are highly placed. It is also worth emphasizing the importance of concepts such as justice, morality, patriotism, humanity, citizenship and the rule of law.
All this is the basic national values of Russian society. Which are traditionally perceived as a life guide for the citizens of our country, and even to some extent as a worldview.
Policy area
The system of basic national values is of great national importance. It is the fundamental basis of politics. And it provides an understanding of the main guidelines for the development of the whole nation as a whole. Without this, strengthening the power of the people is impossible.
It is important to note that the category of national interests by their nature is not ethnic, but state-political and socio-historical. There is an explanation for this.
The thing is that a nation is a political community of citizens of a certain country. Who live on its territory and consider themselves to be it, regardless of their ethnic origin. A nation expresses the economic, cultural and historical community of the peoples that form it. And it also implies the preservation of the language of interethnic communication, the prevailing lifestyle and traditions. All of the above also applies to our country, despite the diversity of peoples living on its territory.
National interests intersect with the vital needs of society and the strategic goals of the nation, which are realized in public policy. These are modern realities. This is how the government contributes to the good of the nation of the state. In politics, these interests and values are determined by the need for survival, development of the country, as well as the multiplication of national power.
Value building
Well, how does this concept appear in the political sphere clearly. Now it’s worth turning to such a topic as the formation of basic national values.
It should begin with the fact that spiritual and moral development and education today is carried out not only in the family, but also in school. The program according to which it takes place is developed taking into account the historical, cultural, aesthetic, demographic, as well as social and economic characteristics of the region. The requests of families and other subjects of the educational process are also taken into account.
Naturally, this educational aspect is stipulated in the Federal State Educational Standard. Basic national values are taught to students in the first stage of education. Which is the most important in the entire educational period of a person. It is at this stage that children join the Russian basic values, begin to realize the importance of the family, as well as belonging to a certain social, confessional and ethnic group.
But that is not all. It is important to remember that the education of basic national values should form in the child not only love for the Fatherland, but also respect for the historical and cultural heritage of his country and people. Often this contributes to the development of students' creative abilities , makes them want to engage in a certain type of activity. There are many cases when people began their journey to music, inspired in childhood by the work of Tchaikovsky. The legendary Maya Plisetskaya inspired many girls to take ballet classes, and paintings by talented Russian artists made children want to learn how to draw beautifully. Unfortunately, in the age of advanced technologies, modern children are not so much interested in art, creativity and the public heritage, as it was before. And that is why basic national values, spiritual and moral education and inculcation of cultural and historical education are even more important.
Educational landmarks
Continuing the theme of the formation of national values, it is necessary to note with special attention the importance of the teacher in this process. His main task is to arouse the interest of all the students listed above. Children who are passionate about the topic will understand much faster what patriotism, freedom, human obligations, citizenship are.
The teacher should be able to explain to them what each basic national value is. Work and creativity, health and family, law and honor, mercy and goodness ... the essence of these and many other concepts should be conveyed to students.
It is also important to explain to students the traditions that reflect the continuity of the social experience of the Russian people through upbringing, education and self-knowledge. They help to expand knowledge about their people. After all, most holidays, ideals, rituals, rites and customs are purely national in nature. Having studied the history of their occurrence, it is possible to realize the uniqueness and versatility of the Russian people.
Functions of National Values
They also need to be noted for attention. As mentioned earlier, values have many functions. But if we talk about the educational sphere, then only a few of the most important stand out.
The basic national values in the work are that on high moral foundations unite all ethnic groups living in the Russian Federation. They combine all the past, present and future of our people, and also orient students towards professional self-determination.
Parenting taking into account national values implies a specially organized process of becoming a citizen of the Russian Federation. Which helps students shape their personality on their own. In turn, the teacher involved in the national education of children should rely on his best practices, designed on the basis of scientific and empirical knowledge.
About patriotism
In the process of forming national values, each student must be helped to realize that he is a particle of his people and nation. What does patriotism have to do with it? Despite the fact that he is a huge spiritual force, able to strengthen the energy of each individual and combine it with the aspiration of the whole state and people.
But patriotism should not be blind. It is also important to convey to students. People are not born patriots, but they can become them. After they discover for themselves the truth about their people, they are convinced of the inexhaustible possibilities of the nation, they study the history and heroic past. All of the above helps to understand what lies in such a concept as a nation. And this is primarily the spirit. And an understanding of one's own purpose and role in history. It is on the basis of national traditions that spirituality develops.
That is why patriotic personality education is extremely important. And this refers not only to instilling love for the Fatherland. Of great importance is respect for your region, city, and language. Moreover, the love and veneration of their small Motherland is more valuable and sublime than the same thing that applies to the whole Fatherland as a whole.
The issue of personality
Education based on national values is important, but the diversity of perceptions and interests leads to a wide range of assessments. The fact that for one member of society is something significant, for another it may not have any value at all. This must be remembered.
And taking into account this peculiarity, such a system of values is formed in society that can be called a compromise. A vivid example can be considered the subject of religious studies in schools of different faith regions. Within the framework of which not only Christianity is studied, but also Islam and other faiths. In this case, the interests of Orthodox students and Muslims are taken into account. This is a great example of a combination of certain moral standards. Which contributes to the formation of the inner core of the culture of society.
Moral
Well, as one could understand, national values are very diverse. And in this regard, one cannot but mention the topic of tolerance. Given the diversity of intercultural interaction, it is very important to instill into each growing member of society a tolerance for other values, lifestyle, traditions and behavior. Pupils on the basis of their “native” values should master the basics of ethnoculture in the complex of its varieties. And it cannot but rejoice that today, at the expense of a practice-oriented educational process, this succeeds. The level of ethnocultural knowledge of modern pupils and students is increasing significantly. This allows us to verify our reality.
And, by the way, a considerable number of children, adolescents and young men are interested in this topic. There is an annual All-Russian competition "Basic national values in creativity" in which representatives of the younger generation from all regions of our country take part with pleasure. And this gives hope that over time, there will be more educated and deeply moral people in society. As a matter of fact, the modern education system is aimed at this.