Construction objects may pose certain threats during operation if initially mistakes were made in their planning and construction. Poorly selected concrete, crookedly installed mounting beams, violations in the layout of truss truss systems - all this can lead to collapse or slow destruction. Therefore, special rules are envisaged in accordance with which buildings and structures are being erected. Examination in this regard is the primary control procedure, which allows you to identify possible violations in the construction technology, as well as provide recommendations for their elimination.
General information on independent construction expertise
In technical terms, this procedure is a set of tools by which specialists detect deviations from standards. A special analysis is carried out, after which the research results are documented. Next, experts conduct a comprehensive comparison of the data with regulatory indicators. For example, concrete manufacturing technology provides for certain ratios of sand, gravel and cement. If violations were found in the selection of proportions - they are documented. If possible, an independent construction examination should not only provide a description of the detected defect as a result, but also accompany the material with photographic documents.
Objects of construction expertise
As objects of construction expertise, as a rule, are residential buildings. It can be multi-storey buildings, private houses and cottages. At the same time, buildings and individual rooms can be investigated in full. Most often, an independent construction expertise is ordered, which is not tied to the interests of third parties and third-party organizations. Also objects for such an analysis are industrial, administrative, commercial and public buildings, which are subject to more stringent technical requirements. This is due to the specifics of the operation of such structures. For example, production facilities, depending on the nature of work operations, provide for increased security requirements. Accordingly, the requirements for finishing materials and building structures as a whole are growing.
Features of Independent Expertise
In the traditional sense, the examination of construction sites is a procedural act. However, in recent years, an out-of-court, that is, independent technical examination has also become popular. The difference between the two approaches, at first glance, is not obvious - in both cases, the same buildings and structures are also examined for performance quality. Examination in the usual format is carried out by decision of the court, and in the case of an independent event - on the initiative of the interested individual. Nevertheless, anyone can order such an examination and as evidence in court. And in that case he will have an advantage. The fact is that the court may order an examination to organizations that are not credible. In turn, an independent survey organization format still involves a choice of several options, which increases the likelihood of a better and more objective analysis.
Tasks of construction expertise
Expertise in construction solves several problems. First of all, it allows you to detect the presence of defects that were formed either in the course of direct construction, or in the process of operation. In addition, such an analysis is often ordered for buildings, in the reliability of the technical condition of which there are doubts. Most often we are talking about the old fund, which presents dilapidated buildings and structures. Examination determines the degree of deterioration of the main structural elements, the physical condition of the enclosing and supporting partitions, engineering systems or the house as a whole. At the same time, in conclusion, the commission can also give recommendations regarding the possibilities for the further operation of such facilities. Often, in the conclusions of experts, old houses after the inspection are recognized as emergency. Therefore, it is especially important to hire independent experts who, through objective analysis, will make a conclusion about the state of the structure.
Types of technical expertise
Approaches to the implementation of construction technical expertise can be based on two survey methods - visual and instrumental. In the first case, the technical examination of buildings and structures is carried out in the form of a general analysis of the object and the documentation attached to it. Specialists can check the quality of the finish, inspect the supporting structures, as well as draw up structural diagrams, comparing them with the plan, according to which further repair or reconstruction work will be performed.
A more detailed analysis is provided in the case of instrumental methods. Specialists not only check the external condition of the object and its structures, but also analyze in detail the characteristics of the materials used in the construction. For example, industrial examination of buildings and structures is carried out using a wide range of measuring instruments that help assess the quality of the structure. It can be a reinforcement detector, a strain gauge, a flaw detector, a densitometer, a deflection meter, etc. An instrumental examination also uses methods of testing building materials using neutron, ultrasonic, and acoustic devices.
Foundation examination
A separate place in any construction examination is the examination of the foundation as the most critical component of the building. The implementation of this stage of the analysis is complicated by the fact that the design is accessible only from the outside, therefore, special devices are used. At the first stage, the examination of the foundation provides for a general visual examination. Next, a study is made of the qualitative characteristics of the material from which the foundation was built. The obtained samples are sent to the laboratory, where the technical and operational properties of the material are displayed.
At the final stage, specialists will examine the ready-made test results for compliance of the material with the building requirements. The main thing that is determined in this kind of surveys is the ability of the foundation to cope with the bearing loads. In particular, the examination of the foundation shows how durable and stable it is in specific operating conditions.
Examination formats
The reason for organizing a technical examination of buildings and structures at the expert level may be different reasons that determine the format of the event itself. The most common standard preventive control, which is most often carried out as part of extraordinary and scheduled examinations. As a rule, this is not a comprehensive, but a partial examination of the safety of buildings and structures, which aims at checking a specific component. In particular, the same foundation, one of the engineering systems, the roof structure, etc. can be checked in this way. Partial examination is due to the fact that some materials wear out faster than others. This also applies to equipment - some units require a monthly check, while others can be used for years without special control.
A mandatory pre-repair inspection of a building and structure may also be carried out. The examination in this case is in the nature of a comprehensive examination, since repair work to one extent or another affects all components of the construction site. Another thing is that the detail of the preliminary examination depends on the complexity of the repair or reconstruction itself.
Construction expertise
Work in this area is carried out by licensed specialists. As a rule, these are companies participating in specialized self-regulatory associations. Private firms offering services in various formats are especially common. In order for the technical expertise of buildings and structures to be as close as possible to the real state of the target, you should familiarize yourself with its services and the history of the work performed before choosing a company. It will also be useful to cope with what kind of tasks the company’s specialists perform - the wider the range of services, the more likely it is to get a quality result.
How much does a building examination cost?
On average, prices range from 5 to 15 thousand rubles. But it is important to understand that the specific cost will be determined only after the representative of the organization visits the facility and calculates the estimate. If we are talking about a visual inspection of the roofing or foundation of a small private house, then you can meet 5 thousand. However, the construction expertise of buildings and structures in an integrated version can exceed 15 thousand in price. Also, a lot depends on the technical level at which it is planned to perform survey.
Conclusion
Technical expertise in construction has not been considered by experts as an extra formality for a long time. This is a responsible and important event, due to which it is possible to prevent possible risks of further operation of the facility. Moreover, the modern examination of buildings and structures involves the latest means of analysis of building materials, which allow highly accurate assessment of the strength and durability of an object. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the building also helps in the repair work. The technical and operational indicators of a private house, for example, provide information on the basis of which it is possible to select the optimal building materials for subsequent finishing work, updating the roof structure and communication equipment.