"Adenosine" is a drug with pronounced antiarrhythmic properties. Often it is used for diagnostic purposes only. This endogenous nucleoside is initially present in almost all cells of the human body. Among other things, it enhances coronary and cerebral circulation, the medicine helps to increase the volume of its flow. Next, we consider the instructions for using this medication and find out what analogues it has on the modern pharmaceutical market, and also find out what its composition is.
Description
"Adenosine" is a nucleoside that consists of adenine, which is connected to the ribose glycosidic link, is part of a number of enzymes and nucleic acids. This substance plays a very important role in all biochemical processes, for example, in the transfer of energy and signals, acting as an inhibitor-type neurotransmitter. Scientists believe that it takes part in the stimulation of sleep and the processes of suppressing vigor, as its concentration may increase during prolonged wakefulness and decrease against the background of subsequent sleep.
Instruction for use
"Adenosine" is the drug that can be used in different ways depending on the desired effect, which is required to be achieved, as well as directly dependent on the disease, which is inherent in a particular patient.
In the event that arrhythmia occurs, the drug is administered intravenously for one to two seconds. The dosage is 6 milligrams. In the event that there is no noticeable improvement in a minute or two, then another one, this time a double dose, is administered. If the need arises, then you can repeat the injection when necessary.
This has to do with adults. For children in similar situations, the drug is administered intravenously. The dose is calculated as follows: for every kilogram of mass, 50 micrograms of substance is needed. Repeated injections can be performed every two minutes, increasing the dosage by about the same 50 micrograms. You can not bring the volume of the drug per kilo of weight to more than 250.
According to the instructions for use, "Adenosine" is allowed to be used exclusively for diagnostic purposes. Then it is administered intravenously, or by the intraosseous method of 6 milligrams. You should try to inject as close to your heart as possible. Sometimes it is required to additionally apply an isotonic solution, from 5 to 10 milliliters. After a minute or two, additional doses are allowed.
The maximum single dose of the drug "Adenosine" for an average adult should not exceed 12 milligrams. In the event that the patient has increased risks of developing complications, then therapy can be started from minimal volumes with a gradual subsequent increase. The drug is also used in ophthalmology, then its use is local according to the recommendations of a specialist.
Release format and composition
The main component of Adenosine is the ingredient of the same name with the medicine. The drug, as a rule, is released in the form of a white powder, characterized by a crystalline type, which is easily soluble in water. But it is practically impossible to dissolve in ethanol and similar substances. Often it is released in the form of a one percent powder for injection, placed in capsules with a capacity of 1 milliliter. An alternative form of release for use in ophthalmology is eye drops.
Beneficial features
As the instructions indicate, "Adenosine" is used as part of an intravenous administration in supraventricular tachycardia, which differs in a paroxysmal type. The drug is used for intravenous infusion amid the following situations:
- In the process of diagnosing tachyarrhythmias of the supragastric type.
- For diagnostic studies of the electrophysical type.
When used locally, the medication can also help cope with cataracts during treatment for ophthalmic purposes.
Side effects
Side effects from the use of "Adenosine" may vary depending on how you use the medicine. For example, the following reactions are observed:
- The nervous system reacts with mild dizziness, a feeling of numbness or tingling in the hands, headache, nervousness, vision problems, pain in the neck and back.
- There may be flushing of the mouth, along with a decrease in pressure, a change in the heartbeat, and pain in the chest area. In extremely rare situations, the appearance of new arrhythmias, tachycardia or sinus bradycardia, problems with the pulse, bronchial spasms and transistor pressure increase can occur.
- Sometimes hyperventilation is observed along with chest pressure and shortness of breath.
- The sensation of nausea is not ruled out in combination with squeezing in the throat, a metallic taste in the mouth and increased sweating.
All these adverse reactions do not occur so often, most likely they will not even exist, the probability of their development, as a rule, is less than one percent. But, if they nevertheless made themselves felt, then it is imperative to consult a doctor in order to correctly adjust the treatment program by changing the dosage or replacing the drug with any of the analogues.
An overdose may also develop. This substance is metabolized extremely quickly, instantly eliminated from the systemic circulation, therefore, in case of an overdose, all reactions usually pass quickly, literally within a couple of minutes or so. But in the event that you want to speed up such a process and not cause a negative effect, then you can use methylxanthines, for example, caffeine or theophylline as competitive antagonists of this drug.
It is also recommended to monitor changes in pressure and pulse, as well as study the cardiogram during use. It is not advisable to administer the medication in question through the central veins. It is impossible to carry out intravenous administration at all outside the hospital, as only there full-fledged monitoring of the patient is allowed.
What is Adenosine? Now it’s clear, but does it have any contraindications?
Contraindications
In the following cases, the described drug cannot be used in principle:
- With hypersensitivity.
- Against the background of the development of bronchial asthma.
- With a blockade of the second or third degree.
- Against the background of a syndrome of weakness of the sinus node.
In the following situations, the consumption of this drug is acceptable, but must be observed with great care, otherwise negative consequences may occur:
- The development of heart disease.
- The appearance of hypovolemia.
- The occurrence of angina pectoris unstable type.
- The appearance of sinus bradycardia.
Interaction with other medicines
"Adenosine" is a medication that can interact with other medicines, weaken or enhance their effect. This should be considered with a single therapy. The following lists only the main examples of interaction, but not all. In fact, there are much more of them, therefore, with any one-time use of medical devices, care must be taken, consult with your doctor in advance. If necessary, he will change the course of therapy or prescribe alternative drugs. Here are some examples of interactions:
- When the medicine is used at the same time as carbamazepine, an increase in the blockade of the heart muscle may develop.
- If the drug is used simultaneously with Dipyridamole, then the dosage must be reduced so that there are no negative consequences, even serious ones.
- On the contrary, the dosage should be increased in the case when the medicine is used with caffeine and methylxanthines. These components weaken the effect of the drug, in connection with this it is necessary to compensate for all this.
- The drug, within the framework of its intravenous use, can be combined with cardiac glycosides and adrenergic blockers, but only with caution, since there are risks of manifestations of extremely negative effects.
It is allowed to store this medicine for about a year in a dark place at a temperature of three to seven degrees.
Cost
The average cost for this drug in the form of an injection for one standard package is two hundred and fifty rubles. It depends on the region and the pharmacy network.
Analogs of "Adenosine"
This medicine has a number of analogues. It is important to understand that even with very similar effects, analogues are not considered to be one hundred percent identical. Even similar components can cause a different reaction in people. In this regard, it is necessary to avoid changing the medication without obtaining the prior permission of the doctor, otherwise you can only harm yourself or cause additional adverse reactions, significantly complicating the therapy. Here are the most common substitutes for the drug that can be found: "Adenokor" along with "Vitakik" and "Rimekor."
Reviews
The drug "Adenosine", according to reviews, is today quite effective and versatile, therefore it is used so widely and varied. As people write in reviews, the considered medical drug, as a rule, does not cause serious side effects.
Adenosine Triphosphoric Acid
How are "Adenosine" and phosphoric acid related?
Adenosine triphosphoric acid is a nucleoside triphosphate, which is of great importance in the process of exchange of energy and substances in the body. It serves primarily as a universal source of energy for all biochemical reactions that occur in living systems, especially for the formation of enzymes. The discovery of the substance occurred back in 1929, which was done by a group of scientists at Harvard School. Studies have shown that this acid is the basic energy carrier in the cell.
Summary
Thus, the considered medicinal product must be taken with great care to those patients who suffer from conduction disorders, and, in addition, unstable angina pectoris, sinus bradycardia and patients with heart defects, hypovolemia, pericarditis and bronchial asthma. In the process of applying "Adenosine", it is recommended to measure pressure, heart rate and perform an electrocardiogram. It is also necessary to strictly observe the dosage of the drug and the recommendations of the attending doctor.
We reviewed the instructions for use with Adenosine.