Dislocation syndrome is a variety of displacements that interfere with the functioning of brain activity. These shifts can be of a different nature.
The causes of the ailment. Degrees of the syndrome
Dislocation syndrome occurs with high blood pressure. This change occurs due to certain diseases. For example, pathology can be caused by: various tumors, abscesses, hematomas and cerebral edema. There may also be hernias. They are congenital. Dislocation syndrome has 3 degrees:
- Protrusion.
- Wedge.
- Infringement.
The brain is the control center of the human body. The process is carried out through neurons. Certain are responsible for the work of various organs. The accumulation of neurons is called neuron centers. They are made up of nerve cells. With the shift of tissues in the brain, these or those centers or paths along which the transmission of signals of the work of a particular body system can be pinched. For example, if there was a squeezing of the center of the neurons, which is responsible for the work of the respiratory system, then it will stop.
Symptoms
Dislocation syndrome has a very severe form. Surgery may be required to treat it. When a dislocation syndrome occurs, a person loses consciousness and falls into a coma. As a rule, it occurs as a result of a stroke or a severe head injury. Also, an infection of the human nervous system and cerebral edema can cause an unconscious person.
The above causes of dislocation occur suddenly. Therefore, the human body falls into a coma. But other factors can also be the reasons for the dislocation of the brain, in which the displacement occurs gradually and the person remains conscious. For example, a tumor may begin to form in the brain, which will increase over time. Or a cyst may begin to develop. These diseases, despite their gradual growth, can cause brain dislocation.
How to identify the disease?
The presence of this disorder in the human body can be determined by the following symptoms. These include:
- Severe pain in the head.
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Visual impairment. Fall may occur in periods.
- Cramps.
- A semi-conscious state or complete loss of consciousness.
All symptoms associated with dislocation are called dislocation syndrome. Similar signs appear in humans with brain tumors. The doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostics
Diagnose neurological syndromes of a person will help:
- Echoencephalography. This examination shows how much a shift in the midline structures of the brain has occurred. Displacement can occur both in one direction and in the other.
- Tomography. With the help of tomography, you can see the internal structure of the brain.
- Angiography. This type of examination allows you to find out about the state of the blood vessels.
- Radiation diagnostics. It allows you to get an internal picture of the human brain.
- Magnetic resonance imaging.
- Ultrasound of the head also allows you to identify various malfunctions in the brain.
Dislocation treatment
As a rule, the treatment of this disease is to remove compression from the brain and eliminate dislocation. This therapy is carried out in intensive care or neurosurgery. The task of doctors is to relieve cerebral edema. This is done through the administration of diuretics. In addition, prescribe drugs that support the vital functions of the body. Surgery is also often required. It is performed by neurosurgeons, who surgically remove the source of the dislocation. For example, a tumor or cyst. There are times when surgery is not possible due to a person’s condition.
Contact a specialized center for treatment
It should be said that in our country there is an institute of neurosurgery, which is engaged in the diagnosis of this type of disease. This center is visited by people from all regions of the country. The Institute of Neurosurgery is one of the largest centers in the world for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from diseases of the nervous system. Here is a modern medical equipment. Through it, you can go through such examinations as tomography, ultrasound of the head and many others.
Syndrome stages
There are several stages of a dislocation syndrome. They are classified according to the Posner-Plam scheme:
- The early stage of dislocation syndrome. A person is conscious, but has signs of a dislocation syndrome. Such signs include retardation of the reaction to external factors. Performing any actions is slow. At times, psychomotor agitation occurs . The patient has narrow pupils, but they respond to flash. The muscles are in good shape. However, sometimes there is an increased tone. But the reaction to stimuli is true. The neck muscles also have an increased tone. This leads to the development of stiff neck muscles. This leads to difficulty in moving the head in different directions if it is thrown back.
- Late stage of dislocation syndrome. A person has an oppressed consciousness, narrowed pupils react to light. Muscle tone is increased. It should be said that the early and late stages are treatable. To do this, you need to get rid of the cause of brain dislocation. In this regard, it is important to identify the cause of the disease in these two stages. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the higher the likelihood that a person will return to a healthy state of the body. The state of the brain worsens if a person is intoxicated. Since in this state a person has inadequate reactions, it is therefore impossible to correctly identify his symptoms.
- Stage of the midbrain. The pupils of the patient are dilated. Their size is from 3 to 5 millimeters, they do not respond to light. Pulsation of the pupils is sometimes possible. This condition is called tectal. Muscle tone has decoration stiffness at rest. When muscles are stimulated, they acquire decerebral rigidity.
- Stage of dislocation syndrome of the lower parts of the bridge and upper parts of the medulla oblongata. It is characterized by an oppressed consciousness, sometimes coma, pupils, narrowed as much as possible, not responding to light. Muscles are in a state of decerebration.
- Stage of the medulla oblongata. The state of atonic coma, transcendental medriasis and lack of photoreaction. In this state, a person has atony, areflexia and agonal breathing. If a person is in a coma, then setting a nasogastric tube will provide nutrition to his body.
Main types
Two main types of brain dislocation are determined - lateral and axial. There are several important forms of the disease:
- Cerebellar dislocation, or temporomandibular displacement. This problem occurs due to a tumor of the posterior cranial fossa and with cerebral edema. With this type of dislocation, severe pain in the head, nausea, and vomiting are observed. There may also be respiratory arrest and heart failure.
- Dislocation of the temporal lobes into the opening of the cerebellar tent, for example, under the large crescent process. In a person, intracranial pressure rises sharply, which is accompanied by a headache, nausea and a lying position of the patient.
- Cerebellar displacement. The patient in this condition has the same symptoms as with the dislocation of the temporal lobes. Displacement of the medial divisions of the parietal and frontal lobes.
We determine the shape of the dislocation
Diagnosed forms of dislocation by the totality of the patient's symptoms. A computer examination is also carried out, which helps to make an accurate diagnosis. Dislocation of the brain is a pathological condition.
The clinical condition of a person depends on what circulatory disorders are present due to lesions of the wedged area and symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid disturbance. Dislocation of the brain requires a thorough examination. Sometimes they can be confused with other diseases. For example, signs of intracranial hypertension are very similar to symptoms of dislocation.
Conclusion
In our article, the symptoms of brain diseases are extensively considered. Especially a lot of information about neurological syndromes. As you can see, this is quite a serious ailment. We hope that the information in the article was useful to you.