The main causes of injury

An important medical and social problem is disease. No one is safe from them. Ailments worsen the quality of life. Sometimes they even lead to death. But not only diseases excite specialists. The group of medical and social problems also includes injuries. Due to severe injuries, people become disabled, lose their ability to work, and lose interest in life. The causes of injuries are diverse. Knowing them, you can prevent the occurrence of damage.

The concept of injury and injury, classification

Before you begin to understand any reasons, it is important to understand the difference between such concepts as “injury” and “injury”. The first term refers to a negative effect on the body, leading to a violation of physiological processes and tissue integrity.

Injury refers to the totality of injuries. They occur in certain categories of people when in the same environment. Given the conditions for injury, classifications of injuries are compiled. The following types of it are distinguished:

1. Industrial. It is associated with the fulfillment by people of their professional duties. Since there are different areas of activity, specialists additionally distinguish industrial, construction, transport, agricultural and other types of injuries.
2. Non-production. For this type of injury, the reasons are not related to work and the performance of professional duties. It is divided into several subspecies. For example, there is road traffic injuries. It is observed in cases when people get into an accident. Still non-productive injuries can be sports, domestic, street.

Intentional injuries are allocated in a separate group. It is characterized by 2 groups of situations. In one of them, injuries are observed due to the fact that a person or group of people harm another person or society. This happens with crimes, terrorism. The second group of situations is inherent in harming a person to himself. This is possible with suicide.

Causes of injuries and occupational diseases in the workplace

Occupational injuries are a very urgent problem for all countries. The International Labor Organization and the International Social Security Association note that about 125 million accidents occurring in a work environment are recorded annually in the world. More than 1 million people die due to injuries.

In Russia, people receive industrial injuries very often. This is confirmed by statistics. In accordance with the fixed number of accidents, our country is one of the first in the world in terms of occupational injuries and occupational diseases. The causes of damage to employees of enterprises and organizations are different. The most commonly observed is the lack of protective equipment. Unfortunately, Russian employers seek to save on everything. They reduce costs in various ways, including the purchase of protective equipment.

The second common cause of work-related injuries relates to the poor organization of work. An example is the situation where managers send employees to carry out any tasks in the absence of the necessary knowledge and without training.

Not always the causes of occupational injuries are the negligence of employers, their desire to get more profit at minimal cost. Damage to employees can be associated with a personality (psychophysiological) condition. It includes overstrain of visual, auditory or tactile analyzers, overwork, fatigue, which occurs due to physical overload and stressful situations.

Methods of analysis of the causes of occupational injuries

Since occupational injuries are very common, specialists have created methods for analyzing its causes. They are necessary for the development of preventive measures to combat occupational injuries. The following main methods of analysis of the causes are distinguished:

• monographic;
• statistical;
• economic.

The very first in the list of methods for analyzing the causes of injuries provides accurate and most comprehensive information. When applied in each specific accident, the working conditions and technological processes are investigated. At the same time, the monographic method is the most expensive, because it requires the involvement of a large number of specialists.

The statistical method is used to determine general preventive measures. To do this, experts consider injuries as a function of various variables. Identifying the most important variables and determining the nature of their influence is the main goal of the statistical method.

When using the economic method, losses due to the effects of occupational injuries associated with the violation of technological processes, safety rules, etc. are estimated. Additionally, the socio-economic effectiveness of measures taken to prevent the recurrence of industrial accidents is determined.

Why do people get into traffic accidents

For many hundreds of years, humanity has suffered from a huge number of diseases. There were such ailments that did not spare either young or adult, claimed the lives of millions of people. Today, medicine has such medicines and vaccines that have saved the population of our planet from terrible and dangerous diseases. However, the eliminated ailments were replaced by a new “epidemic” - road traffic injuries.

World statistics on road traffic injuries are disappointing. 50 million people are injured on the roads annually. Of these, approximately 1.2 million people die. In the future, these numbers may increase. Forecasts of specialists indicate that over the next 20 years, victims of road traffic injuries will increase by 65%.

In order to reduce traffic accidents in the future, it is important to understand why people get into accidents. Here is a list of causes of injury:

1. Crossing a road in an unspecified place. This is one of the most common reasons. Studies in Uganda, Mexico, and Brazil have shown that people most often choose a short path, albeit a more dangerous one. They cross the road in the wrong place.
2. Failure to comply with regulatory signals. Some pedestrians cross the road to a red light. Especially often this mistake is made by children. They believe that they will have time to cross the road or the driver will notice them and miss them. Unfortunately, expectations do not always coincide with reality.
3. Finding children near the carriageway without adult supervision. Often you can observe a situation where children play along the road - throw a ball at each other and have fun in catch-up. At such moments, boys and girls are passionate about their children's activities and forget about the dangers that the roadway is fraught with.
4. Violation of traffic rules by drivers. The culprits of traffic accidents are those people who are driving. Some drivers allow themselves to exceed speed, not to let pedestrians pass on the zebra, to drive a vehicle while intoxicated.

Sports Injury

Sports injuries are observed in those people who engage in various sports. It occupies a share of 2-5% in the structure of general injuries. Sports injuries in rare cases lead to deaths. It is mainly characterized by damage. Causes of injuries provoke the occurrence of mild, moderate and severe injuries.

Light injuries include abrasions, slight bruises, 1st degree sprains that do not cause significant disturbances in the body and loss of general and athletic performance. Moderate injuries are injuries that lead to pronounced changes in the body. Because of them, sports disability occurs for a period of 10 days to 1 month. Severe injuries cause severe health problems. They provoke the onset of sports disability for a period exceeding 1 month.

Each injury is caused by certain reasons. All of them are divided by specialists into several groups.

Characteristics of household injuries

Household injuries are common. People, being at home, in an apartment or in the courtyard, feel safe, relax as much as possible and at the same time forget about the need to observe basic safety rules when working with household appliances, cutting objects. Because of this, injuries, burns, bruises occur. But it is also important to note that the main causes of injuries in everyday life are also associated with conflicts. Fights with relatives and friends most often occur due to alcohol intoxication.

The situations listed above occur for people-dependent reasons. Damage is promoted by negligence, negligence, haste, inept handling of any objects and devices, entering into conflicts with drunk people. In some cases, the causes of household injuries are determined by age:

1. In children, damage in everyday life occurs due to a lack of skills, abilities and knowledge, curiosity, hooliganism, and hyperactivity. Most often, babies aged 1 to 4 years suffer, who still can not think sensibly and evaluate traumatic situations. A negative role is additionally played by the lack of supervision by adults, and insufficient educational work. Often the causes of injuries are the parents themselves, who are inept at treating the child (drop him out of the stroller, with his hands).
2. In old age, the causes of injuries are health problems (heart weakness, cerebrovascular accident) and overestimation of their physical capabilities.

Street Damage Details

In public places, on the street, people often become victims of street injuries. This is a fairly large group of damages that can be caused by bad weather, neglect of some people, businesses, accidents, conflicts with completely unfamiliar mentally unbalanced or drunk people.

If we consider the bad weather, then most often people suffer from ice. Falls provoke fractures, concussions, tears and sprains. Fractures are observed in almost 70% of cases. In this case, the limbs are mainly damaged. Bad weather events that cause injuries include a thunderstorm. During it, a lightning strike is possible.

The negligence of individuals and enterprises, indicated above among the main causes of injuries on the street, is sometimes associated with weather events. Here is a good example. In winter, with abundant snowfall, one of the main problems is snow canopies on multi-storey buildings, hanging icicles. Cleaning roofs is the responsibility of management companies, but they, unfortunately, do not always do this. Because of this, snow canopies and icicles pose a serious danger to passers-by.

About the last factor - fights with strangers - it is important to know that conflict situations most often occur in crowded places (at concerts, during the holidays at special events). The causes of injuries are disputes, insults, attempts to impose their point of view.

Intentional injury

There are many examples of intentional injuries. One of them is terrorism. Its reasons are political, religious. Terrorist organizations intentionally select places with a large crowd of people (shopping centers, markets, station buildings, metro, aircraft) to commit acts.

Intentional injuries can also be observed in prisons. In almost half of cases, persons serving sentences are injured in conflicts with cellmates or due to personal negligence. Sometimes the causes of injuries to people in prison are associated with the intentional infliction of harm to their own health.

Another example of intentional injuries (but not in places of imprisonment, but in ordinary life) is suicide, attempted suicide. Experts estimate that more than 800 thousand people annually take their own lives. A much larger number of people make suicidal attempts. The worst thing is that people of different ages decide on suicide. Among them there are even children. There is no single explanation for why people commit suicide and suicidal attempts. In many cases, all this is done impulsively with easy access to drugs, pesticides, and firearms. Complicated life circumstances, unrequited love, push adults to suicide, and children are bullied by peers, falling into groups that have a psychological, hypnotic effect.

Adult Injury Prevention

Preventive measures are determined by the type of injury. For example, in order to avoid occupational injuries, engineers and workers need to perform the tasks that are available to them, do not pose a danger to them. The fact is that there are diseases in which you can not engage in certain activities. From this the conclusion suggests itself - it is necessary to prevent the influence of the causes of work-related injuries associated with a state of health.

In addition, engineering and technical workers and workers need to carefully fulfill their professional duties, comply with the rules for operating equipment. The tasks of employers are to provide their employees with protective equipment and to familiarize themselves with the possible causes of work injuries, to train personnel, to monitor the implementation of safety rules by employees.

For road traffic injuries, the main preventive measure is compliance with traffic rules by both pedestrians and drivers. The state is required to rational planning and improvement of streets, the use of sand on the roads during ice, so that people do not fall on the roadway, proper street lighting.

For the prevention of other types of injuries, measures are indicated in the table below.

Preventive measures for children

Prevention of childhood injuries deserves special attention, because various injuries in 4.5% of cases become causes of disability and in about 7% (and according to some authors in 22%) of cases - causes of mortality. :

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