Our civilization today has reached an unprecedented peak of science and technology, as a result of which we have a chance to use all its benefits. However, this would not have been possible without mining the most important thing - its energy resources. Drilling oil and gas wells today is the most important work that is being carried out on a global scale in order to replenish the resources spent on the development of new technologies.
Today, quite high demands are placed on geological exploration regarding the accuracy of determining the location of oil and gas, as well as calculating their estimated volume. This is primarily due to the relatively high cost of installing high-tech equipment, where direct drilling of oil and gas wells is quite expensive. Indeed, when carrying out this work, there is always a great risk that the calculations could turn out to be erroneous, as a result of which the investor industrial company may suffer significant losses.
There are several ways to carry out drilling operations, however, core drilling is the most optimal and rational , which is also used in mineral exploration. It is also widely used in hydrogeological studies, structural-mapping surveys, and geotechnical exploration of gas and oil fields. Thanks to drilling, exploration mines and pits are also being created, thanks to which soils of different horizons can be extracted from the bowels of the earth to determine its origin and the possibility of using them for practical purposes.
Drilling of oil and gas wells begins with the preparation of the appropriate site, as well as with the formation of convenient access roads. When installing a drilling station on the high seas, there is a special technology by which a floating station is constructed, mounted directly above the gas or oil field, after which it is installed in the right place with the help of special fasteners and starts functioning. If the deposits are on a hard surface, then after the first stage and the instillation of the tanks for washing liquid, proceed to the direct collection of the oil or gas tower.
The schematic diagram of the rig includes the following composite structures:
- the tower itself;
- a drilling building;
- drilling mechanism;
- machine tool;
- pump;
- a powerful internal combustion engine.
The technology for drilling oil and gas wells is the following workflow: depending on the type of soil, drill column, spindle and drill string, an appropriate speed and a certain axial load are set. Rotating and gradually penetrating into the soil, the crown drills an annular face and forms a core, which in turn fills the core pipe. With the help of special washing liquids or technical water, it is subsequently washed out with a conclusion to the surface. All drilling of oil and gas wells is a clearly organized cycle of work in which the systems clearly interact with each other.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the global oil and gas industry, since without basic raw materials the development of engineering, the chemical industry and metallurgy would have been simply impossible. With the gradual depletion of existing fields, the drilling of oil wells in new places is a very topical issue. You can be sure that in the coming decades we will witness the emergence of a new series of large drilling rigs that will continue to provide modern civilization with oil and gas.