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This disease also has a popular name - "lazy eye." This is an ophthalmic pathology in which only one human eye is involved in the process of vision. Patients with amblyopia have reduced visual acuity, which is almost impossible to correct optically. Usually this disease affects children of different ages, but it can also occur in adults. With early detection and rapid elimination of the cause of the disease, treatment is quick. Sometimes with a disease, amblyopia, treatment in adults is almost impossible if the disease is started, and doctors make rather unfavorable prognoses.
In the process of visual activity in a healthy person, as a rule, both eyes are involved. Using their visual analyzer, they perceive the image of objects surrounding a person that passes through their optical media. The image is projected onto the retina, and the brain analyzes the sensory experience gained. In this case, a healthy person has three basic conditions necessary for the normal functioning of the visual analyzer: sufficient transparency of the optical media of the eyes, clear and clear focusing of the image on the retina, as well as the normal functioning of the brain in the perception and transmission of visual information.
And with the disease, amblyopia treatment in adults is impossible because just one or more of the above conditions is violated. A healthy eye, or one that a person sees better, occupies a leading position, and an eye with worse activity over time turns off from the visual process.
In general, there are a large number of causes of this disease. Depending on their nature, amblyopia, its types and correction are as follows:
- optical, or refractive, amblyopia, which appears with certain violations of the optical characteristics of the eye. Myopia and hyperopia of a high degree, astigmatism, a large quantitative difference in the optical power of both eyes lead to this type of amblyopia. It occurs most often and is eliminated most easily if treatment is started on time. Doctors prescribe a spectacle correction of visual impairment, and refractive amblyopia disappears.
- Obscuration amblyopia, which occurs mainly in childhood, as it is associated with most often congenital impairment of transparency in the optical media of the eyes. This type of amblyopia can develop due to acquired cataracts, an injury to the cornea with a scar after it, an eyesore and other gross changes in the vitreous body. This is the most severe form of amblyopia, which is practically untreatable and it is very difficult for doctors to predict the consequences of this type of disease.
- dysbinocular amblyopia. The affected eye has certain deviations from the point of its fixation, arising from strabismus or nystagmus. These diseases entail the appearance of amblyopia in humans.
- Psychogenic amblyopia in adults, which in most cases develops in them against the background of various forms of hysteria. Due to a lot of stress, one- or two-sided loss of vision suddenly occurs. It may also be accompanied by the appearance of photophobia, impaired perception of colors and shades, and other functional disorders of the eyes. This form of amblyopia is well treated with timely prescribed therapy. Also in this case, ophthalmologists recommend that the patient undergo a course of treatment with a psychologist, since the causes of psychogenic amblyopia do not lie inside the eye, but in the human brain.
It is important to note that the smaller the patient’s age, the greater the likelihood of a positive treatment result, therefore, with the disease amblyopia, treatment in adults is much more difficult, since it is extremely difficult to make the lazy eye retina start working. If a person has had vision problems since childhood and parents missed the moment of the beginning of the development of optical, obscuration or dysbinocular amblyopia against the background of these problems, then in adulthood it will not be possible to eliminate the disease. Hysterical amblyopia occurs unexpectedly and suddenly, and it is in adults. As a rule, the disease is preceded by a severe emotional shock, which leads to the "shutdown" of one eye for several hours, and in some cases for several months. The disease stops as spontaneously as it started, especially if the patient was prescribed sedatives and a course of psychological assistance.
Before starting treatment for amblyopia in adults with the disease, all diseases that can lead to visual impairment should be excluded. In children, as a rule, they are treated with the occlusion method, that is, they are turned off from the visual process using a special blind of the active eye. In this way, doctors seek to "teach" and "make" the idle eye work. At a more mature age, it is almost impossible to carry out such a procedure, since the eye becomes less mobile and does not lend itself well to conservative correction. Obscuration amblyopia, which appeared in a child under the age of three years, after 11-12 years becomes irreversible and can not be treated. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor in childhood, as an adult is much more difficult to cure any form of amblyopia than a child.