In all its many years of activity, the clinic of the Research Institute of RAMS "Institute of Nutrition" is based on the traditions and latest achievements of domestic and world medicine.
History
In 1872, Manuil Isaakovich Pevzner, the founder of a scientific approach to the nutrition of sick people and the use of nutrition as a therapeutic factor, was born. It was he who owned all the initiatives to create a clinic RAMS "Institute of Nutrition" back in 1921. Under his leadership, a department of diet and diseases of the digestive organs was created under the People's Commissar of the USSR. Then, in 1930, the Central Scientific Institute of Nutrition of the People's Commissar of the RSFSR was opened, and in its structure was a department led by M. I. Pevzner.
The team of the original clinic has been fully preserved. In those days, this institution was located on Bolshoi Nikolovorobinsky Lane and consisted of one hundred and twenty beds. It treated kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and gastrointestinal ailments. In 1944, the RAMS Institute gave the Institute of Nutrition to the Academy of the Ministry of Science of the USSR, and therefore it was renamed. In 1992, he returned under the auspices of the Russian Federation and again began to be called the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS.
Merits
The institute’s activities have always been successful: developments were introduced into the practice of healthcare, numbering systems of diets (nosological principle) were created, which were used everywhere before the 2000s, known as Pevzner tables from the first to the fifteenth. Clinical nutrition has gained tremendous importance in hospitals and military hospitals, in public catering and in industrial enterprises.
With the help of the RAMS "Institute of Nutrition" numerous scientific personnel and highly professional practitioners, specialists in this field were educated. M.I. Pevzner managed to deal with the affairs of various medical societies, actively participated in the International Society of Gastroenterologists, chaired the section of the Moscow Therapeutic Society and taught at the Central Institute for the Advancement of Doctors.
People
Companions of a remarkable scientist, clinic staff - M.S. Marshak, O. L. Gordon, L. B. Berlin, G. L. Levin and many others - themselves made a huge contribution to the introduction and development of dietetics in practical health care. In the thirties and forties, they developed the basic principles for the treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, acute and chronic colitis, gastritis, hepatitis, enteritis, liver and kidney diseases, obesity and diabetes, acute infectious diseases.
It was then that the issues of technology in the preparation of medicinal dishes were solved, which ensured the maximum safety of biologically active substances in the products used. And during the war, and in peacetime, all clinic staff introduced therapeutic nutrition in the Navy and in the army, they developed diets for those suffering from burns, purulent wounds, frostbite, and various traumatic injuries.
War
In the difficult years of the war, new techniques and other approaches to the problems of medical nutrition were required, most often associated with alimentary dystrophy. A technique for restoring the body with varying degrees of malnutrition was developed and quickly introduced into practice; the widest range of products, including wild plants, including herbs, was used.
And long after the end of the war, the Institute of Nutrition of the RAMS still conducted all kinds of studies regarding the role of vitamins, considering the pathogenesis of a number of diseases: vitamin deficiency, anemia, chronic inflammatory processes, non-healing ulcers and many more. A search was conducted for food sources of the necessary vitamins. So, Professor M. S. Marshak carried out the development of preventive nutrition for industrial workers and then introduced it in hazardous industries of the country.
Books
With the help of fundamental scientific research, a theoretical justification was given for the various effects of nutrition on the systems and organs of the body, on its regulatory mechanisms, reactivity, metabolism, and much more.
The results of many years of work conducted by the Institute of Nutrition of the RAMS were carefully systematized, and the generalizations were embodied in M. Pevzner’s repeatedly published book, Fundamentals of Clinical Nutrition. The new editions of this book each time took into account modern research results and were substantially supplemented. This is now the handbook of nutritionists.
Continuation
Further, the institute was led by professors F.K. Menshikov and I.S. Savoshchenko, and the work of their famous predecessor continued. Scientific staff improved, therapeutic nutrition was organized.
New diets for hypertension and myocardial infarction were developed and introduced into public health practice, and enteral nutrition techniques for surgical patients of certain categories appeared. Huge was the work with personnel - dieticians, dieticians, dieticians. Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS "Clinical Nutrition Clinic" every year gained increasing popularity among the structures of Soviet health care.
70s
In the 1970s, the clinic was headed by Professor M. A. Samsonov, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, and then the concept of nutritional balance with various nosological forms in different phases and stages of the disease, to varying degrees of metabolic disturbances and all kinds of accompanying pathology features was further developed. The optimal amount and qualitative composition of protein for the diet for chronic renal failure, rheumatism, nephrotic syndrome, enterocolitis, chronic hepatitis, and the qualitative composition and amount of carbohydrates and fats in the diet of a patient with atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hyperlipidemia were calculated.
In addition, the amount and ratio of salt, potassium and sodium in diets for cardiovascular failure, hypertension, and a number of other diseases were correlated. Developed diet therapy for obesity and individual reduction in calories. The mechanisms of post-resection syndrome were closely studied, as a result, numerous diets were developed for organic and functional complications after gastric resection.
The 80s
In 1986, the clinic moved to a new building, where new departments were created: clinical dietetics, clinical biochemistry, and the bed capacity was increased to two hundred units. This helped both the scientific work and the practices of the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS. The clinical nutrition clinic received continuous reviews, and most often they were positive. Scientific and practical work was already carried out with the help of electronic computer technology and computer programs.
The nutrition of a healthy person and a patient was evaluated, methods for testing patients appeared, including psychological ones, and special chemical diets were created under the auspices of the USSR Academy of Sciences and RAMS. The Kashirka Nutrition Institute, represented by scientists and developers, has received excellent reviews from healthcare practitioners introducing new techniques. And, of course, people who regained their health remained grateful. A nutritional disorder was diagnosed in time, diet therapy of nutritional dependence diseases was carried out - all this could not but increase the authority of the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS in the structure of healthcare.
Children's department
The pediatric department of dietetics, gastroenterology and hepatology is designed for forty beds in comfortable triple rooms. In addition, there are single and double superior rooms - with a toilet, shower and TV. Hospitalization is carried out within the framework of the VMP (high-tech medical care), research programs, compulsory medical insurance, as well as paid services of the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS.
The children's department receives the most appreciative reviews, since the treatment is carried out according to clinical recommendations, with access to the most modern drugs that are only appearing on the pharmaceutical market. Individual dietary diets and seven-day menus are being developed, which include therapeutic and prophylactic dietary specialized products and dietary supplements.
Keeping up with modernity
The clinic of the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS conducts a unique study - nutritional analysis. This allows you to develop a personalized therapy program taking into account the energy and plastic needs of the child and adult, as well as individual characteristics of the body, metabolic and nutritional status.
The clinic of the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS also receives reviews because it constantly conducts training and advanced training for its employees, and also because it pays a lot of attention to promoting healthy nutrition on radio, television and in print. The main areas of work of the Institute of Nutrition are the following:
1. Further study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver.
2. Further study of mental eating disorders.
3. Further work on the assessment of metabolic and nutritional status in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, as well as obesity of varying degrees.
4. Further development of effective methods of treatment and prevention of nutritional-dependent diseases.
Today
On the basis of the clinic there are new departments - pediatric, allergology; The laboratory of immunology, biochemistry and allergology is open. The bed fund has also increased. The main tasks in the work of the Institute of Nutrition remained the same - to help people's health.
And therefore, they won’t stop there. The problem of clinical nutrition is being solved, modern methods are being developed and implemented, and transferred to practical healthcare. Every year, more than three and a half thousand patients with various diseases are treated in the hospital, and up to twenty thousand patients are examined and consulted in the clinic. Any citizen of the Russian Federation for state guarantees of medical care at the federal budget account can receive assistance in the clinic of the Institute of Nutrition of the RAMS in a hospital. This will require the following documents:
- valid MHI policy;
- referral to hospitalization;
- extract from an outpatient or inpatient card with data from x-ray, clinical, laboratory studies;
- passport or other identification document;
- decision of the commission for hospitalization of the Research Institute of Nutrition.
In addition, the clinic also provides special medical care for a fee.