Diagnosis of the state of internal organs, systems and well-being these days can be performed by various methods. Quite often, recently we have been offered absolutely painless procedures, which supposedly diagnose by external signs. However, blood, urine, feces (coprogram) and sputum tests are still used all over the world for a more accurate diagnosis. Consider in detail the biochemical analysis of blood, the decoding of which often raises many questions in patients.
First of all, it is necessary to distinguish a general blood test from a biochemical analysis. A general blood test gives a picture as a first approximation, i.e. in the normal condition of the patient, a crept in inflammatory process can be detected. With it, you can also watch the dynamics of the development of the disease. A biochemical blood test is prescribed if it is necessary to examine in detail the functioning of the organs or vital systems of the body. Such an analysis determines a large number of parameters, which, most often, are completely incomprehensible to the patient.
In fact, a biochemical study is a biochemical blood test itself, a transcript and the corresponding conclusions. Analysis and decryption is done by the laboratory assistant in a normal clinic, but often the decryption lies with your doctor. The analysis is performed on an empty stomach, eating and drinking before it is not advisable for 6-12 hours. Blood sampling is often done in the morning. The patient usually takes a sitting or lying position, blood is taken from the ulnar vein. Consider what exactly they pay attention to when decoding the LHC.
Since the result provides a huge number of analyzes, we consider the main ten, based on which all conclusions are made. The rest serve to adjust the diagnosis to the main ones. The first important parameter is total protein (freely present in the blood). The norm is 65-85 grams per liter. Overestimated values indicate autoimmune diseases (periarthritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis) and blood diseases (leukemia or erythrosis), as well as liver cirrhosis. Low rates indicate starvation, prolonged infection, and kidney disease. In addition, by making a biochemical blood test, you can find out the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, total phospholipid, blood urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK. Difficult? Let's get it right.
Cholesterol - the so-called fatty alcohol, goes to the structure of cell walls (betrays hardness) and sex hormones. The norm is 3.2-6.5 millimoles per liter. An increase is observed with alcoholism, malfunctioning of the thyroid gland, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney diseases. A decrease is noted in anemia, liver disease, tuberculosis, acute pancreatitis and heart failure.
Move on. Biochemical blood test, decoding of triglyceride level. Triglyceride is essentially fat, which must be converted into energy (but often goes into weight). The norm lies in the range of 565-695 micromoles per liter. It increases with alcoholism, kidney and thyroid problems, as well as fractures. Decrease, as a rule, does not occur.
Common phospholipids - fats, go to the construction of cell walls (flexibility depends on them). The norm is in the range of 1.95-4.9 millimole per liter. High values are found in severe forms of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney inflammation and cirrhosis. Low values indicate atherosclerosis, obesity, and acute hepatitis.
Blood urea is a product that appears as a result of the breakdown of proteins and is involved in the formation of urine. The norm is in the range of 20-40 mg per%. An increase indicates renal failure, a decrease indicates cirrhosis.
Creatinine - formed in the liver during the final destruction of proteins. The norm is from 88 (44 in women) to 177 (141 in women) micromoles per liter. An increase indicates renal failure, a decrease indicates low protein intake.
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme of the heart and liver, a diagnostic marker. The norm is 0.1-0.45 millimole per liter. An increase indicates a past or near myocardial infarction, partially indicates hepatitis and muscle tumors. There is no decline in nature.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme that plays the role of a diagnostic marker. The norm is 0.1-0.68 millimole per liter. The increase indicates liver disease and partially indicates possible heart problems and the use of certain drugs. There is no decline in nature.
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) is the most common enzyme. The norm is in the range of 0.8-4.0 millimoles per liter. An increase indicates a huge number of diseases and can be observed with tumors, leukemia, heart attacks, blood disease or liver tissue. Therefore, with a randomly determined increase, a more detailed analysis is carried out.
CPK (creatine phosphokinase) - an enzyme from muscle cells that forms energy. The norm is from 60 to 66 millimoles per liter. The increase gives an understanding of heart attack, muscle damage, alcoholism and sleeping pills. There is no decline in nature.
Now you have an understanding of what a biochemical blood test is (the decoding of which is far from simple) and what it means. Of course, you should not try to independently diagnose yourself according to the results found on the form - in this matter it is better to trust a specialist. This article will help you just get a little familiar with the composition of blood biochemistry and understand what these or those parameters influence.