Throughout his life, to study a particular text, a person resorts to various ways of reading information. Which ones? Have you heard anything about types of reading texts? If not, then our article is for you. We will talk about what types of reading are, as well as when and why they should be used.
Definition
Before disassembling the reading itself, it is necessary to know the definition of this term. Where do we start. So, reading is a certain type of speech activity of a person who has entered the communicative and public sphere of human activity, providing communication through written speech.
Along with scientists, psychologists and educators believe that reading is a receptive type of speech activity, as it is associated with perception, that is, with reception, as well as with understanding of knowledge that is encoded with various graphic characters.
In a structural sense, reading is divided into two planes:
Reading comprehension is the result of reading in a meaningful way. In procedural terms, how the reader relates graphemes to phonemes, as well as how he recognizes graphic symbols and so on.
Reading tasks
Further. Since there are several types of reading, respectively, we can assume that this process involves solving an important task. And which one, we will tell you now.
A person needs to be taught reading so that he can find the information he needs from the text in the quantity that is necessary to solve a particular speech problem using specific reading technologies. In any case, this process is of great educational, as well as cognitive importance, therefore, in textbooks, the requirements for the content of the text have increased in three areas, namely:
- educational value - the methodologists decided that the works read by the students in the book should educate in children the values of a humane society, as well as the responsibility of a professional, not only for the result, but also for the consequences of its activity;
- scientific and cognitive value - these criteria are supplemented by a regional geographic orientation, as well as professional orientation;
- compliance of the content with the interest and age of students, as well as their intellectual needs.
Thus, we see that the reader is faced with different levels of understanding of the texts. There are several of them. Therefore, scientists have developed several classifications of types of reading. We will consider the main one, adopted by S.K. Folomkina.
Types of reading. Lead Classification Overview
Today, in a modern elementary school, teachers actively use 3 types of reading:
- learning;
- fact-finding;
- viewing.
Consider below each view separately. So.
Introductory reading
In order. This type of reading at school is necessary for the student to choose the main facts, that is, the main ones, as soon as possible. Statistics have shown that with this type of reading, it is enough to understand only 70% of the text. As you understand, it is important to be able to highlight and understand keywords. When children learn this type of activity, you need to be able to skip, or rather, bypass those words that are unfamiliar, and also not to stop the process. This type of reading implies the ability to guess the lexical meaning of keys from the context. Nothing complicated. It is important to be able to summarize the content of the read text. For a child, this is very important. This type of reading is also used in a foreign language lesson, and practice has shown that today not all students are proficient in this way. This is noticeable when the student begins to translate the text and stumbles at the sight of one unfamiliar word. For a successful and high-quality reading, such a bad habit must be overcome.
View reading
This type of reading is based on the ability to determine semantic milestones by the first phrases in a paragraph and by the heading, the ability to divide the text into semantic parts, and also to find and generalize facts. And of course, predict further content. In order for such skills to develop, it is necessary to teach schoolchildren to analyze headings while reading literary texts, to offer them to correlate the information they read with drawings, tables, diagrams, and the like. Also, children should be able to assume the content of a paragraph or text on the first sentences. They need to understand what has been said. To form such skills, it is necessary to offer children the following types of tasks:
- voice key suggestions;
- continue texts instead of the author;
- to establish with which part of the text diagrams and figures correspond;
- if children work with literary text, you always need to pay attention to the means of artistic expression, to what techniques the author used to make his work sound special.
Learning reading
Educators resort to this method to provide students with not only a thoughtful, but also a deep understanding of the text they have read. To achieve this goal, teachers resort to asking specific questions after reading. The purpose of this work is to awaken in students the desire to more accurately understand the text and understand incomprehensible situations. Very often, with such reading, the teacher reads the text out loud for everyone, makes stops, addressing various questions to the audience.
Often, learning reading techniques are encountered in Russian language lessons. In the paragraphs of the textbook, children are given theoretical material, various linguistic facts are explained, definitions of terms are described, and their signs are listed. Such a reading is necessary when studying new material in order to learn new facts. In addition, children use reading learning in preparation for presentation.
Finally
So, our article on types of reading has ended. To summarize. We, as promised, spoke not only about the types of reading, but also when, and why teachers use them. Teachers use not only various types of work with text in elementary school. They also conduct various types of reading lessons, which is especially necessary for the development of primary school students. But this is a completely different article.