When a person’s life and health are in danger as a result of an accident, emergency, or, for example, in an acute condition with a fracture, injury, he needs emergency medical care. This is the type of assistance that is provided to citizens around the clock who require urgent medical intervention at the scene of the incident and on the way to a medical institution. Typically, these problems are solved by special departments at medical institutions in cities and villages. What functions are performed by these departments, and how the process is organized, we will consider below.
Description of the problem
Ambulance is urgent care for victims who are in a life-threatening condition and have serious injuries, it is provided by medical personnel at the scene of the incident, for example, in a public place or on the street. Also, such medical assistance is provided in acute pathologies, mass disasters, accidents, childbirth or natural disasters.
Emergency medical care is organized based on the characteristics of the locality, in particular, its location, population density and composition, localization of hospitals, road conditions and other points. Such assistance to victims is a guarantee of medical and social assistance to people.
Legislation
Around the world, emergency medical care is provided free of charge. Since the end of the nineteenth century, this privilege has been given to private and public organizations, for example, the Red Cross. Relatively recently, the first state ambulance agencies were established, which first had a nurse and a paramedic, and eventually a medical staff.
A little later, the first ambulance units were created in Russia, but they did not have the documentation that regulated their activities. The creation of the Law on Medical Assistance, which described the first legal norms, formed the basis for future bills, including the one that is currently adhered to. Today, ambulance standards have been developed that guide physicians.
Characteristic
The main features that distinguish this type of medical care are:
- Its free provision and the procedure for the provision of health care.
- Trouble-free implementation.
- Diagnostic risk assessment with a lack of time.
- Great social significance.
- Assistance is not in a medical facility.
- Transportation to the clinic, providing treatment and round-the-clock monitoring.
Functions
According to the approved standards for emergency medical care, she provides:
- 24-hour assistance to injured and ill people who are outside the hospital.
- Transportation and transportation of patients, including women in childbirth.
- Reliable emergency medical assistance to people who contacted the NSR station.
- Notification of the relevant authorities about emergency situations and accidents in the service areas of the victims.
- Providing a full set of brigade medical staff.
Also, the ambulance team can transport donated blood and narrow specialists if necessary. Also, the NSR conducts health education and research work.
One of the effective components of the healthcare system - medical ambulance - in some large cities is also involved in transporting the remains of people who died in public places to the morgue. In this case, special brigades and cars with refrigeration units, which are popularly called hearse, come to the call. In small cities, such brigades are on the balance of the city morgue.
Work organization
As a rule, emergency medical care is provided by ambulance stations, which are not engaged in permanent therapy, but are intended to provide assistance until hospitalization of patients according to the order of the Ministry of Health No. 100 of 03/26/2000. At such stations do not give sick leave and certificates, as well as other documents to patients and their relatives. Hospitalization of victims is carried out in the city clinical emergency hospital.
At such stations there is a specialized transport that is equipped with diagnostic and medical equipment, which is used for emergency diagnosis and treatment of pathologies.
Ambulance crews
Any clinical emergency hospital includes visiting teams. It can be:
- Line brigades when a doctor and one paramedic are working.
- Specialized, when a doctor and two paramedics leave.
- Line medical assistants who provide transportation of victims.
In large cities, there are usually such ambulance teams as resuscitation, infectious, pediatric, psychiatric, and so on. The activities of each of them are documented in special cards, which are then handed over to the chief doctor of emergency medical care, and then to the archive for storage. If necessary, such a card can always be found and studied the circumstances of the call brigade. During hospitalization of the victim, the doctor fills in a special sheet, which puts in the history of his illness.
An ambulance is called by the telephone number “03”. At the place of call, the joint venture team carries out the necessary treatment, and the doctor who coordinates the actions of the employees bears all the responsibility. He can also carry out emergency treatment in an ambulance, if necessary.
Varieties of ambulance crews
SMP teams are:
- Linear ambulance crews are an on-site medical team that provides medical care in non-life-threatening conditions such as blood pressure drops, hypotonic crises, burns and injuries. They transport victims of fires, mass accidents, disasters and so on. To carry out the activities of the visiting brigade, a class A or B car is used.
- Resuscitation teams provide emergency medical care in ambulances, which are equipped with diagnostic and medical equipment, as well as medicines. The team at the scene conducts a blood transfusion, artificial respiration, splinting, stopping bleeding, heart massage. It is also possible to carry out urgent diagnostic measures in the car, for example, an ECG. This approach reduces the risk of complications in the victims, as well as reduce the number of deaths during the transportation of patients to medical institutions. The resuscitation team of the NSR also includes an anesthetist and resuscitator, nurses and a nurse. To carry out the activities of the visiting brigade, a class C car is used.
- Specialized teams provide assistance in a specific narrow profile. This may be a psychiatric, pediatric, advisory, aviation medical brigade.
- Emergency team.
Urgent events
There are many cases that require an ambulance call. The main reasons for which a challenge is inevitable include:
- The need for a doctor’s visit urgently.
- Hospitalization and transportation of the victim to a medical facility.
- Serious injuries, burns and frostbite.
- Pain in the heart, stomach, high blood pressure.
- Loss of consciousness and convulsive syndrome.
- The development of respiratory failure, suffocation.
- Arrhythmia, hyperthermia.
- Persistent vomiting and diarrhea.
- Intoxication of the body with any pathologies.
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
- Shock condition, thromboembolism.
The duties of the staff also include an examination of alcohol intoxication.
Station SMP
At the head of the city ambulance station is the head physician. He may have several deputies who are responsible for the technical part, economic, administrative, medical and so on. The composition of large stations may include different departments and units.
The largest is considered the operations department, which manages the operational work of the entire station. The employees of this department talk with people who call the joint venture, receive and record calls, transmit information for the execution of ambulance teams. The structure of this unit includes:
- The doctor on duty, who is negotiating with visiting doctors, law enforcement agencies, fire departments and so on. The doctor resolves all issues related to emergency care.
- Dispatchers (senior, by directions, by hospitalization) transfer calls to district substations, monitor the localization of field teams, keep a record of the execution of calls, and also record free places in medical institutions.
The department of hospitalization of victims is engaged in the transportation of patients at the request of doctors of various medical institutions. This unit is led by a doctor on duty, it also includes a reception desk and a dispatch office that coordinates the activities of paramedics and transports victims.
The department of hospitalization of pregnant women, as well as those who have acute gynecological pathologies, is engaged in the transportation of women in labor and patients. The unit accepts calls from the public, medical facilities, law enforcement agencies and fire departments. Obstetricians, paramedics, gynecologists go to calls. This department also delivers narrow specialists to gynecology departments, maternity hospitals for urgent surgical interventions.
Also, the city emergency hospital has an infectious disease department that provides assistance in cases of poisoning, acute infections, transports patients to the infectious diseases department.
Also, the departments of the ambulance station include statistics, communications, information bureaus, as well as accounting and personnel departments.
Ambulance call
Emergency medical care is emergency care for victims, which can be called by phone number "03" by adults and children under fourteen years of age. The rules for calling the ambulance service should help to improve the quality of assistance to victims, to ensure the timely provision of medical care. For all citizens, this type of medical care is free, regardless of the availability of insurance, registration. This order was issued by the Ministry of Health No. 388 of 2013.
When calling the ambulance, it is necessary to clearly answer all the questions of the dispatcher, give the name of the victim, his age, address of the call, as well as indicate the reason for the call and leave your contact information. Doctors may need them in case of clarification questions. The person who called the SMP team should:
- Arrange a brigade meeting.
- Provide unhindered access to the victim and conditions for assistance.
- Accurately and clearly report what happened.
- Provide information about the presence of allergic reactions, taking medication, alcohol.
- Isolate pets, if any.
- Provide the necessary assistance to doctors in transporting the patient to the car.
The question of hospitalization is decided only by the doctor. Relatives have the right to consent to medical intervention, refusal of hospitalization with written confirmation in a special card of health workers.
Ambulance and reality
Many people are familiar with cases when an ambulance crew arrives at a place with a great delay, and sometimes it has to be called several times. Why is this happening?
The ambulance arrival limit is up to ten minutes. This limit is respected in cities, but incidents often occur outside the city. This is due to the fact that the dispatcher directs the brigades on the GPS system, and therefore there is confusion. Sometimes, when an ambulance is called, the dispatcher sends a brigade, which is not at the substation in the corresponding area, but the regional one, which takes much longer to travel. Also, the speed of arrival is affected by weather conditions, road conditions and more. It also happens that all teams are busy at the time of their call. But often this is due to the fact that people call an ambulance for any reason, even the most insignificant.
What to do if a person becomes ill?
Often people make mistakes in first aid. Categorically you can not perform the following actions:
- Give the victim medication, as he may be allergic to the drug, which will aggravate his situation.
- Water, water and sprinkle with water, especially in the event of an accident. This is due to the fact that the victim may have damaged internal organs, and such an action can lead to death. If a person is conscious and asks for a drink, he needs to moisten his lips with water. It is also impossible to spray water, especially if a person is lying on his back and is unconscious. Water can enter the respiratory tract and a person may choke.
- Shake and beat on the cheeks. An injured person may have damaged internal organs or a broken spine. Strokes can provoke vertebral displacement and damage the spinal cord. A person can get such serious injuries even when falling from a height of his height.
- Trying to seat a person who is unconscious. In this case, the victim’s brain does not receive enough oxygen, blood circulation is impaired. The victim in this case must be put on its side with the aim of preventing the retraction of the tongue, aspiration by vomit.
- Put something under the head to lift it. A person who is unconscious has relaxed facial muscles, so his tongue may sink, which will lead to suffocation. The most affected person can breathe when his chin is looking up.
Summary
The emergency department has several teams, among which one is general-purpose, which makes a call in case of emergency. When all the teams are busy and a call arrives, the first free medical team is sent, in some cases, the departure of a specialized team of the city service of the NSR is possible.
In large cities, about two hundred calls are received every day at the ambulance station, usually one hundred of them go. Medical vehicles are equipped with radio communications, modern diagnostic and medical equipment, for example, electrocardiographs and defibrillators, medications, which make it possible to provide quick assistance to victims.
All calls coming to the station from people are received by the dispatch service, they are sorted by direction, urgency, priority, after which they are transferred to the brigades for execution. For proper assistance to the injured person who made an ambulance call, it is necessary:
- Objectively assess the need for a call based on the patient's condition.
- Clearly state information about what happened, about what worries the victim, the address of the patient’s location, contact information.
Prior to the arrival of the NSR team, it is necessary to follow the recommendations given by the dispatcher. When hospitalizing the victim, it is necessary to collect replacement clothes and linen, toiletries, shoes. If there are pets in the room, they need to be isolated so that they do not interfere with the medical profession.
Ambulance personnel must perform the following tasks:
- Primary care.
- Preliminary diagnosis.
- Relief of emergency conditions.
- Hospitalization of the victim in the clinic.
SMP does not issue sick leave, certificates, nor does it prescribe treatment and does not leave any documents, except for referrals for funeral workers. A request for documentation can only be submitted by the patient who was provided with medical care.