The anatomy and physiology of the heart has always attracted researchers. And this is understandable, because the heart is the only organ that works autonomously. The general condition of the body, its health and ill health depend on its work. In fact, with the first beating of this organ, human life begins and with the last beat it stops.
The anatomy of the human heart is quite complex - the body performs colossal work, providing the whole body with blood. Outwardly, the heart has the appearance of a cone, hollow inside and lined with a muscle-fibrous layer. The principle of the heart is determined by its structure. It resembles a two-stage pump: the first stage is the ventricles, which pump blood into the atria, and the second stage, the atria, which push blood into the aorta. The ability to pump blood is due to the atrioventricular septum - it works both for the piston and for the valve.
The anatomy of the heart, despite the canons prescribed in the textbooks, is completely and completely individual. Even in its form, it can be different depending on many factors. The heart is also located differently - for most people it is on the left with a shift to the center, and for some it is shifted to the center, and even with a shift to the right. The heart is not the same in metric parameters - usually it is widened upward and narrowed downward, however, the ratio of these figures is different for everyone (mainly depends on the type of constitution). Heart mass on average ranges from two hundred and fifty grams to three hundred and thirty.
The anatomy of the heart, as the most complex organ, has been sufficiently studied today. The heart has a heart bag called the pericardium. It consists, in turn, of three layers that have different thicknesses, are different in their specificity and perform different functions. According to the structure in the heart there are four chambers - the department. These are the left and right ventricles, the left and right atria. Between the left and right side is a partition. The vena cava flows into the right atrium, and the pulmonary artery approaches the left atrium. An ascending aorta emerges from the left ventricle, and a pulmonary artery from the right ventricle.
The anatomy of the heart is also specific in that the ventricles are uneven in thickness. For example, the left ventricle has thicker walls (three times thicker than the walls of the right), since the left ventricle pushes blood for a large circle of blood circulation, through which it spreads throughout the body. As a result of this, in a big circle and blood pressure is greater.
In order for the heart not to be filled with the same blood that it throws out, there are valves in the heart. At a certain point, the valves close the space for blood flow, or open it. Thus, the blood moves in the necessary direction.
If the anatomy of the heart is not burdened by pathological phenomena, then the work of the heart is rhythmic. Cardiac activity can be conditionally divided into cycles - one cycle contains three stages. At the first stage, the atria filled with blood is reduced. Through open valves, blood enters the ventricles, which in turn contract, and the atria, on the contrary, relax. At this time, valves do their job, closing the return stroke for blood. In the next phase - a pause, the blood flows quietly while the heart is resting. This happens very briefly - a split second.
The anatomy of the heart and its work are extremely complex phenomena. Indeed, the innervation of the heart muscle occurs due to a whole complex of factors, such as the relationship of the nervous and endocrine systems, the presence of a sufficient amount of potassium and calcium ions. In order to study the activity of the heart and identify problems with cardiac activity, an electrocardiogram is made. With the help of this study, for the most part, diagnoses of cardiac pathologies are established.