Logistics from an economic point of view is the activity of organizing, managing and optimizing the movement of various kinds of flows from their source to the direct consumer. This science is divided into several types. One of them is transport logistics.
This is a kind of system that is responsible for organizing delivery. In other words, transport logistics deals with the movement of certain
material flows from point A to point B. In this case, the optimal route of movement is selected. Active use of this field of knowledge occurs in the sixties of the XX century. It was during this period that the intensive development of industries took place. It became clear that knowledge of all points of movement of raw materials allows you to identify losses. Thus, competent transport logistics reduces the cost of goods. A significant role in the development of science was played by the achievements of scientific and technical progress, thanks to which communication over vast distances became possible.
Functions and Tasks
It is customary to distinguish between operational and coordination functions of logistics. The first are related to the management of the movement of values in the field of direct production and distribution. The second are related to the coordination of supply and demand. This includes the analysis and identification of needs (mainly material) of the production process, planning and forecasting the development of markets, processing information about customer needs and much more. In other words, based on the data received, logistics connects the needs of customers with the capabilities of the enterprise.
Now about the tasks. They can be divided into two large groups: general (global) and private. The first should include the achievement of the maximum possible result at the lowest cost. The second group of tasks includes the creation of a minimum level of stocks, the reduction of the time period required for transportation, and many others.
If we talk about the functions characteristic of this type of science under consideration, as transport logistics, then an important place is given to personnel, without which it is impossible to achieve the goal. This also includes the need for classification
of vehicles, as well as the organization of pricing policy.
Transport logistics: system and infrastructure
Next, we will focus on the transport and logistics system. This concept characterizes the entire set of customers and manufacturers of goods and services, as well as the means of communication, transport, buildings and structures, control systems and other resources used for their interconnection. Transport logistics cannot exist without appropriate infrastructure.
Indeed, the movement of objects, their storage, warehousing and maintenance of all processes with financial and information flows is impossible if the necessary technical means are not available. Infrastructure ensures uninterrupted and accurate performance of all functions. The final volume of costs largely depends on the quality of the transport. Therefore, transport logistics at the enterprise should also take into account the following aspects: the effectiveness of the operation of each
type of transport separately, the efficiency of the organization of transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer, as well as accounting for storage and processing of goods, which is especially important for the client.
Conclusion
Transport logistics plays a huge role in the enterprise. This is a necessary link in the system, since this science is responsible for managing all flows, and the management of material flow is impossible without the organization of its transportation. Thus, transport should not only be used efficiently, but also be flexible. This will make it possible to realize the main goal of the transport and logistics system even in conditions of rapidly changing demand.